The elucidation of the historical trend of the anthropogenic pollution in Kinki area after the Meiji era using aquatic sediment.

利用水生沉积物对近畿地区人为重金属污染的历史趋势进行了研究。岩心沉积物样本采集于琵琶湖、大阪湾、大坂城护城河和城市水库。在1-2cm的厚度处切断岩心样品。样品在60-70℃下干燥，然后用玛瑙砂浆研磨。采用荧光x射线光谱法同时测定了21的主微量元素。采用加热蒸发-原子吸收光谱法测定汞。采用^<210>Pb和^<137>Cs进行放射性定年，构建了岩心年代学。采用HPGe探测器与4096通道多通道分析仪联用伽马能谱法分析了沉积物中210Pb和137Cs的活度。通过对岩心沉积物中重金属浓度变化的分析，阐明了近畿地区重金属污染的历史趋势。当地的污染记录在大阪城护城河和城市水库的…More沉积物中。在大阪湾沉积物中观测了从京阪神区集水区流出的历史污染剖面。琵琶湖沉积物中人为重金属的来源似乎是从其集水区流出的，并且可能是由京阪神地区的大气输送携带的。所有沉积物样品均被工业活动中人为排放到环境中的重金属污染，如铬、镍、铜、锌、汞和铅。沉积物的重金属污染始于明治维新之后，一直持续到现在。重金属浓度在20世纪90年代迅速增加，最大值出现在1970年。琵琶湖汞污染的高峰出现在1960年。用苯提取的有机汞化合物在20世纪60年代的沉积层中被检测到。因此，估计这一代琵琶湖汞污染源有汞农药，是这次在周边水田上喷洒的。从水圈底泥重金属污染记录的历史趋势出发，厘清明治时代以后近畿地区人类活动与人为环境污染的关系。少

The historical trend of anthropogenic heavy metal pollution in Kinki area was studied using the aquatic sediment. The core sediment samples were collected in Lake Biwa, Osaka Bay, Odaka Castle moat and urban reservoir. The core sample was cut off at 1-2cm thicknesses. The sample dried at 60-70℃, then it was ground using the agate mortar. Simultaneous determination of major and trace elements of 21 was determined by the fluorescent X-ray spectrometry. The mercury was determined by the heating vaporization-atomic absorption spectrometry. The core chronology was constructed by radiometric dating using ^<210>Pb and ^<137>Cs. The activities of 210Pb and 137Cs in sediments were analyzed by gamma spectrometry using HPGe detector coupled to a 4096 channel multichannel analyzer.From the results of analyses of the concentration-change of heavy metals recorded at the core sediments, the historical trend of heavy metal pollution in Kinki area was clarified. The local pollution was recorded in the … More sediment of Osaka Castle moat and urban reservoir. The historical pollution profile, which flowed from the catchment area in the Keihanshin district, was observed in the Osaka Bay sediments. The source of anthropogenic heavy metals in the Lake Biwa sediment seemed to flow from its catchment area, and it seemed to have been carried by the atmospheric transport from Keihanshin district.All sediment samples have been contaminated in the heavy metals such as chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, mercury and lead anthropogenically discharged to the environment in industrial activity. The heavy metal pollution of the sediment begins after the Meiji restoration, and it continues by the present. Concentrations of heavy metals rapidly increased in 1900's, and the maximum values are shown in 1970. However, the peak of the mercury contamination in Lake Biwa appeared in 1960. The organic mercury compound extracted with benzene was detected in the 1960's layer of the sediment. Therefore, it was estimated that there were mercuric pesticides that the source of mercury contamination in Lake Biwa in the generation was sprayed over the paddy field in the circumference this time.From the historical trend of the heavy metal contamination recorded in bottom sediment of the hydrosphere, the relationship between human activity and anthropogenic environmental pollution in Kinki area after Meiji era was clarified. Less