The decoding of recent environmental history using the Lake Biwa sediments

利用琵琶湖沉积物解码近代环境历史

• 批准号: 12680535
• 负责人: YAMAZAKI Hideo
• 金额: $ 1.6万
• 依托单位: Kinki University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2000 至 2001
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12680535/
• 关键词: Lake Biwa; Sediment; Heavy Metal Elements; Mercury; Environmental Pollution; Historical Trend; Dating; Accumulation Rate; 体積速度; ^<137>Cs; 堆積年代

The historical trends of the environmental pollutions recorded in the Lake Biwa sediments were analyzed. Estimations of the accumulation rates of the sediments were carried out by the 210Pb and the 137Cs techniques. The heavy metals, such as Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Hg, and Pb, were used as a maker of the anthropogenic pollutions. The vertical profiles of Cr and Ni in the sediments show constant distributions, whereas the concentrations of other heavy metals increased in the upper layer of the sediment. The contaminations of the heavy metals in the sediments could be explained by an anthropogenic discharge from the hinterland and its historical changes. Whole inventories of the heavy metals were calculated in the sediment of the north basin for 100 years from 1900s, at 465 tons for Cu, 1050 tons for Zn, 2.8 tons for Hg, and 284 tons for Pb. In addition, the composition of the major elements in the sediments was analyzed in concentration correlation matrix and cluster analysis in order to clarify the correlation of chemical characteristics of the sediments between the sites. The generic correlations among the sampling sites of the Lake Biwa sediments could be explained by the physical and chemical redistribution of the components during the processes in which the sedimentary materials are transported through the lacustrine water currents.

分析了琵琶湖沉积物环境污染的历史变化趋势。利用210Pb和137Cs技术估算了沉积物的累积速率。Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、as、Hg、Pb等重金属是人为污染的主因。沉积物中Cr和Ni的垂直剖面呈恒定分布，而其他重金属的浓度在沉积物上层呈上升趋势。沉积物中重金属的污染可以用腹地的人为排放及其历史变化来解释。计算了20世纪90年代以来北方盆地100年沉积物中重金属的总库存量，其中Cu 465吨，Zn 1050吨，Hg 2.8吨，Pb 284吨。此外，通过浓度相关矩阵和聚类分析对沉积物中主要元素的组成进行了分析，以明确沉积物化学特征在站点之间的相关性。琵琶湖沉积物取样点间的一般相关性可以用沉积物在湖泊水流中运移过程中组分的物理化学再分配来解释。

项目成果

横田喜一郎, 他3名: "琵琶湖底泥中の水銀蓄積量の推定"琵琶湖研究所所報. 18巻. 84-91 (2001)

横田喜一郎等 3 人：《琵琶湖底泥中蓄积的汞量的估算》《琵琶湖研究所公报》第 18 卷 84-91（2001 年）。

Yamazaki, H. 他3名: "Quantitative Assessment of Chemical Characteristics of the Sediments in Lake Biwa, Japan, by Cluster Analysis"Analytical Sciences. (印刷中).

Yamazaki, H. 和其他 3 人：“通过聚类分析对日本琵琶湖沉积物的化学特征进行定量评估”分析科学（正在出版）。

Yamazaki, H., 他3名: "Quantitative Assessment of Chemical Characteristics of the Sediments in Lake Biwa, Japan, by Cluster Analysis"Analytical Sciences. (印刷中).

Yamazaki, H. 和其他 3 人：“通过聚类分析对日本琵琶湖沉积物的化学特性进行定量评估”分析科学（正在出版）。

横田喜一郎 他3名: "琵琶湖底泥中の水銀蓄積量の推定"琵琶湖研究所所報. 18. 84-91 (2000)

横田喜一郎等 3 人：《琵琶湖泥中蓄积汞量的估算》《琵琶湖研究所公报》18. 84-91 (2000)。

山崎秀夫, 他8名: "長崎西山水源池堆積物に記録された原爆の「黒い雨」"地質学雑誌. 107巻・8号. 535-538 (2001)

Hideo Yamazaki 等 8：“长崎西山水源池沉积物中记录的原子弹‘黑雨’”《地质杂志》第 107 卷，第 8 期。535-538 (2001)。