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Ergonomic analysis of crossing collisions at intersections and prevention of recurrence - Driver centred redesign for road traffic safety system -

交叉口交叉碰撞的人体工学分析及防止再次发生 - 以驾驶员为中心的道路交通安全系统重新设计 -

基本信息

批准号：
16510125
负责人：
HORINO Sadao
金额：
$ 2.56万
依托单位：
Kanagawa University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Authors conducted a scientific investigation and proposed measures for crossing collisions, major pattern of traffic accidents in Japan. Driver centerd study revealed the whole process behind drivers reluctance of stopping at a stop-line when crossing a cross section in analysis of visual traffic environment and drivers behavior.1 Investigation conducted at 52 cross sections with no traffic signal in two community areas in Yokohama revealed all the vehicles in lower priority way performed slowdown to enter cross section, and few vehicle stopped at a stop line where view was obstructed by a blind area, entered to a spot where direct safety check available, and passed when no crossing car was approaching, while stopped when crossing car was approaching. Blind areas caused by electric pole, post box and sign board restrained driver behavior, and drivers adopted flexible safety strategy.2 Interview of two partners in a crossing collision of motor cycle and taxi-cab revealed a critical gap in their mental model triggered off a systematic study on assessment of the legibility of traffic convex mirrors and concluded a proposal to ergonomic requirements ensuring the legibility of traffic convex mirror installed at a cross section to supplement a bind area: (1) "Road lanes should be clearly displayed in the central area of a mirror", (2) "Any obstacles causing a blind area in the mirror image should be removed", (3)"Road surface marks should be explicitly displayed in the mirror image."3 The legibility of 110 traffic convex mirrors were measured in two community areas, and 67.76% of mirrors were assessed as danger, while 24.33% were as safe and 16.26% were as immediately improved. The legibility of mirror, especially a blind area in the mirror image was highly interrelated to the frequency of crossing collision. Improvement based on three ergonomic requirements will ensure drastic reduction of crossing collision.

作者对日本交通事故的主要形式--交叉碰撞进行了科学调查，并提出了对策。驾驶员中心的研究揭示了驾驶员不愿意在交叉路口停车的整个过程，通过对视觉交通环境和驾驶员行为的分析。1在横滨两个社区的52个无交通信号的交叉路口进行的调查显示，所有低优先级的车辆都减速进入交叉路口，很少有车辆在视线被盲区遮挡的停车线处停车，进入可直接进行安全检查的地点，在没有交叉车辆接近时通过，而在交叉车辆接近时停车。电线杆、邮筒、标志牌形成的盲区制约了驾驶员的行为，驾驶员采取了灵活的安全策略。2对摩托车与出租车交叉碰撞事故中两个伙伴的访谈-驾驶室人员的心理模型存在严重缺陷，引发了对交通凸面镜清晰度评价的系统研究，并提出了保证交通凸面镜清晰度的人机工程学要求安装在横截面上以补充约束区域：（1）“道路车道应清楚地显示在镜子的中心区域”，（2）“任何造成镜像盲区的障碍物应被移除”，（3）“路面标记应明确显示在镜像中。3.对两个社区的110个交通凸面镜的清晰度进行了测量，67.76%的凸面镜被评定为危险，24.33%的凸面镜被评定为安全，16.26%的凸面镜被评定为需要立即改进。镜面的清晰度，尤其是镜面图像中的盲区，与交叉碰撞的发生频率有着密切的关系。基于三个人机工程学要求的改进将确保大幅减少交叉碰撞。