THE GENDER FACTORS IN THE ELECTIONS : AMERICA, SCOTLAND< AND JAPAN

选举中的性别因素：美国、苏格兰<和日本

• 批准号: 16510202
• 负责人: AIUCHI Masako
• 金额: $ 1.98万
• 依托单位: Asai Gakuen University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2004 至 2006
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16510202/
• 关键词: the US Congressional Election; the Lower House Election; the Election of the Scottish Parliament; Electoral Systems; Women's Ratio in the Policy-Making Bodies; Gender Quota Systems; 女性議員; ジェンダーファクター; 党派性; アメリカ議会; スコットランド議会; 衆議院; ジェンダーバランス; 女性

The purpose of this research is to explore the possible factors to determine the electoral outcome of the female candidates running for the national level assemblies in the United States of America, Scotland and Japan. We focus the elections of the 2005 Lower House Election in Japan, the 2006 Mid-Term Election in the United States, and the 2007 Election in the Scottish Parliament.Research shows the importance of the electoral systems as one of the most decisive factors for the women candidates to be successful. The barriers of the electoral systems against the women's successes are the strong incumbency and the length of the legislative term. Many states adopted the term-limits for the reelection of the candidates to the state assemblies, but this measure did not necessarily work for the women to be electedThe most effective measure to increase women's presence in the legislative bodies is the gender quota system. The research explores the arguments of pros and cons of the system, and shows the necessary and sufficient conditions in adopting the quota system for the elections of the minority members of the society, such as women, to the policy-making bodies.

这项研究的目的是探讨决定美利坚合众国、苏格兰和日本参加国家一级议会竞选的女候选人选举结果的可能因素。我们以2005年日本众议院选举、2006年美国中期选举和2007年苏格兰议会选举为例，研究表明选举制度是女性候选人成功的最重要决定性因素之一。选举制度阻碍妇女取得成功的障碍是现任议员人数过多和立法任期过长。许多州对州议会候选人的连任实行了任期限制，但这一措施不一定对妇女当选有效。该研究探讨了该制度的利弊论点，并说明了在社会少数成员（如妇女）进入决策机构的选举中采用配额制度的必要和充分条件。

项目成果

女性政策とアドヴォカシー、グループ

妇女政策和倡导小组

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: 人間福祉研究 8
• 作者: 浅井美智子;(上杉富之編);坂元ひろ子;相内 眞子
• 通讯作者: 相内 眞子

Female Well-Being, Toward a Global Theory of Social Change

女性福祉，走向社会变革的全球理论

• 发表时间: 2005
• 作者: Janet Mancini Billson;Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban eds.
• 通讯作者: Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban eds.

Recruiting Process of Female Candidates in the United States

美国女性候选人的招聘流程

• 发表时间: 2004
• 作者: Masako;AIUCHI
• 通讯作者: AIUCHI

"Women's Policy and the Advocacy Group

“妇女政策和倡导小组

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: Human Welfare Studies vol. 8
• 作者: Masako;AIUCHI
• 通讯作者: AIUCHI

"Recruiting Process of Female Candidates in the United States, " in Kawato and Yamamoto eds., Political Participation and Gender

“美国女性候选人的招募过程”，载于河户和山本编辑，政治参与和性别

• 发表时间: 2007
• 作者: Masako;AIUCHI
• 通讯作者: AIUCHI