Studies on Philosophical Meaning Theory from a Constructivistic/Proof-Theoretical Point of View

本文主要从以下三个方面对建构主义意义理论进行了研究，并取得了一些成果。实在论与反实在论之争是构成主义意义理论的一个背景，本文在量化命题逻辑的框架下，用简单形式化的方法对其进行了分析。反实在论以“显化原则”为特征，而“显化原则”又被形式化为“真断言原则”，使用了真断言和可能性的附加运算符。在探索过程中，我们得到了一些关于未决和不可确定陈述的结果，这些结果在建构主义意义理论中起着至关重要的作用。直觉类型理论是建构主义意义理论形式框架的一个很有前途的候选者。作为一种范式理论，ITT不仅适用于逻辑语言和数学语言，也适用于自然语言。我们将重点放在自然语言的普通语境中的材料推理上，看看它们是否适用于ITT框架。在此过程中，我们对基于信息技术的建构主义意义理论的本体论承诺有了一些看法。回指真理理论通常被认为是一种通货紧缩的真理理论，但事实证明它绝不是通货紧缩的。在真理的紧缩概念上，“如果A， A就是真”的方案是基本的，没有进一步的证明。与此相反，在回指理论中，方案是根据真值谓词的函数来证明的，这被称为“命题形成”。所以问题是什么实质性的内容可以赋予命题形成的功能。为此，我们认为从建构主义意义理论的角度刻画功能的实质内容具有良好的前景。

We have mainly investigated the following three aspects of constructivistic theory of meaning, and got some results.1.Realism vs.anti-realism debate, which can be regarded as a background of constructivistic meaning theories, is analyzed by way of simple formalization in the framework of quantified propositional logic. Anti-realism is characterized in terms of the "manifestation principle", which is in turn formalized as "truth-assertibility principle", using the additional operators of truth-assertion and possibility. In the course of the exploration, we arrive at some results concerning undecided and undecidable statements, which play crucial roles in the constructivistic meaning theories.2.Intuitionistic Type Theory (ITT), which is a promising candidate for the formal framework of constructivistic meaning theory, is explored. ITT is proved to be workable as a paradigmatic theory, not only about languages of logic and mathematics, but also about natural languages. We focus on material inferences in the ordinary contexts of natural languages, and see if they are accommodated in the ITT framework. In the process, we get some views on the ontological commitments of ITT-based constructivistic meaning theories.3.Anaphoric theory of truth, which is most commonly regarded as a kind of deflationary theory of truth, is shown to be by no means deflationary. On the deflationary conception of truth, the scheme "'A' is true iff A" is basic and without further justifications. In contrast to this, in the anaphoric theory, the scheme is justifiable on the basis of a function of the truth predicate, which is called "prosentence formation". So the question is what substantial content can be given to the function of prosentence formation. In answer to this, we show that there is a good prospect of characterizing the substantial content of the function from the viewpoint of constructivistic theory of meaning.