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Basic Research on the Phonetic Status of Vowel Devoicing and Accent in Metropolitan Dialect

都市方言元音清音和重音语音地位的基础研究

基本信息

批准号：
16520259
负责人：
KUNO Mariko
金额：
$ 1.98万
依托单位：
Kokugakuin University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16520259/
关键词：
Metropolitan Dialect Devoicing of High Vowels Devoicing of Low Vowels Accent Core Movement Non-nasal Syllabic Consonants Japanese Dialects 無声化アクセント核東京方言無声化の音環境アクセント義務的無声化義務的でない無声化摩擦音

项目摘要

The language spoken in Tokyo and neighboring area can be defined as Metropolitan dialect. This research aims to describe the Metropolitan dialect which is not yet fully described, while it is generally accepted as standard Japanese.In this occasion, the focus of the research was put on the devoicing of vowels and accent. Vowel devoicing is not phonemic element in Japanese, but it is known as important phonetic characteristic of standard Japanese. The basic condition of vowel devoicing is made clear already, but actual state has been left unknown.Surveys were made on Taketomi dialect in Okinawa, Morioka dialect in Iwate, and Nishiwaki dialect in Hyogo. Field work researches were carried out using over 700 items, which brought following results.1.In the Metropolitan dialect, the degree of vowel devoicing varies depending on the informant. There are hardly any informants who devoice the vowel of the word ‘sushi'.2.Vowel devoicing affects the position of accent cores. It was made clear that in the case of the word pair ‘fuku' (blow) and ‘fuku' (wipe), vowel devoicing does not affect the accent core, but in the pair ‘cuku' (arrive) and ‘cuku' (spear), the accent core moves and many informants pronounce them identically.3.The degree of devoicing on low vowels between voiceless consonants are reported to decrease, but in the young devoicing of low vowels were observed in the words such as ‘yamanotesen'.4.The relationship between vowel devoicing and syllabic non-nasal consonants is obscure. Distinction between the word pair such as ‘nisshimbashi' and ‘nishishimbashi' is not clear and need more study.Researches are being done from the viewpoint of acoustic phonetics, but it is also necessary to study many informants using many research items as this research.

在东京和邻近地区使用的语言可以被定义为都市方言。本研究的目的是描述被公认为标准日语的、但尚未被完全描述的东京都方言，在此情况下，研究的重点放在元音和重音的清化上。元音清化不是日语中的音位成分，但却是标准日语的重要语音特征。元音清化的基本情况已经清楚，但实际情况还不清楚。我们对冲绳的竹富方言、岩手县的盛冈方言和兵库县的西胁方言进行了调查。本研究共使用了700多个项目进行了田野调查，主要结果如下：1.在都市方言中，元音清化的程度因受试者而异。几乎没有被调查者把sushi这个词的元音清化。2.元音清化影响重音核心的位置。结果表明，在“fuku”（吹）和“fuku”（擦）这对词中，元音清化不影响重音核心，但在“cuku”（到达）和“cuku”（矛）这对词中，重音核心移动，许多被试发的是相同的音。但在年轻时，如“yamanotesen”等词中观察到低元音的清化。4.元音清化与音节非鼻辅音的关系不清楚。“nishimbashi”和“nishishimbashi”这两个词对之间的区别还不清楚，需要进一步研究。目前正在从声学语音学的角度进行研究，但也有必要像本研究一样，使用多个研究项目对多个被调查者进行研究。