An anthropological study on the practice of magic and its frame of concept in Southeast Asia and Oceania

本研究旨在将巫术、巫术等巫术实践理论化，并打开东南亚和大洋洲地区的比较视角。本研究主要研究三个问题；1)探索东南亚和大洋洲魔术实践的差异和共性，并扩展与欧洲和非洲魔术研究的比较视角；2)将魔术理解为不是边缘知识，而是介于宗教和科学知识之间的当代知识，并在本课程中关注相关社会的概念框架；(3)解决人类学家自身所处的社会中魔术和科学观念对魔术研究的制约，重新思考人类学思想的生成。本研究首先从东南亚和大洋洲研究的角度出发，考察非洲巫术研究中著名的主题“巫术的现代性”。然而，当我们发现“巫术的现代性”处理魔法和巫术如何在特定社会中工作时，讨论转向了魔法实践的真实内容。通过两年的讨论，指出了魔术的基本特征，即转换和连接知识/实践、传统/现代、科学/日常生活（非科学）两极的二分法。这种特征的来源可以基于人类的理解能力，包括“半理解”，例如，怀疑的实践，以及“反理解”，否认和拒绝的实践。本研究得出结论，各种类型的理解可以融入到魔术的实践中。

This study aims at theorizing practice of magic such as witchcraft and sorcery and opening comparative perspectives in Southeast Asia and Oceania area. This study mainly has three problems to be investigated ; 1)to explore variation and commonality of practice of magic in Southeast Asia and Oceania, and to extend comparative perspectives with the study of magic in Europe and Africa, 2)to understand magic not as peripheral knowledge but contemporary knowledge which is between religion and scientific knowledge, and in this course, to focus on the frame of concept in the society concerned, 3)to resolve the restriction that the study of magic is reflected by the concept of magic and science in the society to which an anthropologist himself belongs, and to rethink the generation of anthropological thoughts. In the beginning, this study started with examining so-called ‘the modernity of witchcraft', which is famous theme in African study of witchcraft from the standpoint of Southeast Asian and Oceania study. However when we found ‘the modernity of witchcraft' deal with how magic and witchcraft work in a given society, the discussion shifted to true contents of the practice of magic. From the discussions for two years, basic characteristics of magic has been pointed out that switch and connect two poles of dichotomy such as knowledge/practice, tradition/modern, and science/daily life (non-science). The source of this characteristics can be based on human capacity of understandings, including ‘half understanding', for example, practice in doubt, and ‘anti understanding', practice with denial and refusal. This study concludes various type of understanding can be integrated into the practice of magic.