An anthropological study of Practices of Folk Religion and Consumption Culture in the Philippines.

在生产、流通和消费的各个环节，圣物都提供了一种体系，以大批量生产为前提，而不是对稀有的真伪进行评估。大众消费的主要阶段是城镇节日的表演和造型，根据每个人的不同背景，大量的复制品被宗教地消费。此外，这一体系的基础是对神迹故事的宗教知识的文本化。就像宗教雕像被装饰成有利于每个拥有者一样，宗教知识在奇迹故事中被定制和个性化，这就是复制品和赝品变成真品的方式。

In each aspect of production, distribution and consumption, the sacred materials provide a system that premise the acceptance of replica or fakes through mass production instead of evaluating rare authenticity. Main stage of mass consumption is the performance and figuration in town festivity, in which numerous replicas are consumed religiously in accordance with various contexts of each possessor. Further, this system is underpinned by textualisation of religious knowledge on miracle stories. As well as religious statues are decollated in favor of each possessor, religious knowledge are customized and personalized in miracles stories, and this is the way replica and fakes are turned to be authentic.