The Study on Relationships between Tourism and Media in Kyoto, Nara, Kobe and Osaka

我们中的许多人比以往任何时候都更频繁地旅行。旅游正日益成为当代生活的一个突出特征，并与现代社会的许多方面息息相关。特别是，大多数旅游景点都是通过形象来构建的，而形象是通过宣传册、电视、杂志和电影等媒体不断再现的。本研究项目研究了京都、奈良、神户和大阪旅游与形象的关系。京都、奈良、神户和大阪是日本关西地区的著名旅游景点。通过这样做，我们表明，不能不考虑形象的力量来分析旅游业，媒体在再现旅游景点形象方面发挥着至关重要的作用。正如丹尼尔·J·布尔斯汀在他的著作《形象--美国伪事件指南》中所讨论的那样，旅游与媒体的关系是旅游社会学中非常重要的主题。根据Boorstin的说法，游客只会看到媒体创造的图像。他认为，游客的体验只是媒体制造的假事件，因此这些体验本质上是肤浅的和人为的。2004年，我们分析了旅游指南和手册中的文字和图像，并采访了几名在旅游行业、非营利组织和当地政府旅游部门工作的人。2005年，我们继续分析旅游指南和宣传册中的文字和图像，并采访了旅游行业、非营利组织和当地政府旅游部门的工作人员。在此基础上，对游客进行了问卷调查。2006年，我们利用2004年和2005年的数据撰写了关于京都、奈良、神户和大阪旅游业与媒体关系的报告。

Many of us travel more than ever before. Tourism is becoming an increasingly prominent feature of contemporary life, and is deeply related to many aspects of modern society. In particular, most tourist spots are constructed by means of their image, which are constantly reproduced through media such as brochures, television, magazines, and movies.This research project studied the relationship between tourism and image in Kyoto, Nara, Kobe and Osaka. Kyoto, Nara, Kobe and Osaka are famous tourist spots in Kansai Area of Japan. By doing so, we showed that tourism cannot be analyzed without considering the power of image, and that the media play an essential role for reproducing the image of tourist spots. As Daniel J. Boorstin has discussed in his book "The Image- A Guide to Pseudo-events in America", the relationships between tourism and media are very important theme in the sociology of tourism. According to Boorstin, tourists do no more than see media-created images. He argues that tourists' experiences are only the "pseudo-events" that media create, and therefore these experiences are superficial and contrived in nature.In 2004, we analyzed texts and images in tourist guidebooks and brochures, and interviewed several persons working for tourism industries, NPO, tourism sections in local government and so on. In 2005, we continued to analyze texts and images in tourist guidebooks and brochures, and interview persons working for tourism industries, NPO, tourism sections in local government. After doing so, we implemented questionnaire survey of tourists. In 2006, we wrote reports on the relationships between tourism and media in Kyoto, Nara, Kobe and Osaka, using data of 2004 and 2005.