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An integrated study on observes' dispositional inferences and actors' meta-perceptional processes in interaction.

互动中观察者的倾向推理和行动者的元感知过程的综合研究。

基本信息

批准号：
16530413
负责人：
KUDO Eriko
金额：
$ 2.18万
依托单位：
Tokyo Woman's Christian University (2005-2006)Aoyama Gakuin Women's Junior College (2004)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This study examined whether actors are aware of the correspondence bias which observers tend to show when they make inferences about actors' dispositions. Multiple experiments were conducted and found that actors overestimate the magnitude of correspondence bias of observers.The experiments examined the condition which determines the emergence of overestimation of correspondence bias and the overestimation of transparency revealed that actors overestimate the correspondence bias if they focus on their overt behavior but they overestimate their transparency if they focus on their true attitude or personality. On the other hand, the results from observers' data suggested that observers tend to rely on subtle cues they found in actors behavior when they try to infer the dispositions of actors.The experiments tested the hypothesis whether actors' overestimate the observers' consideration of the handicaps they have when they make inferences before the performance. The results did not support the hypothesis. Actors' predictions were more pessimistic when they made the inferences before the performance rather than after the performance.Observers' inferences about actors' preferences and meta-perception of actors about them were also examined. Actors showed larger illusion of transparency when the observers are their friends rather than unacquainted others.

这项研究检验了行为者是否意识到观察者在推断行为者的性格时往往表现出的对应偏差。进行了多次实验，发现行动者高估了观察者的对应偏差的大小。实验考察了导致高估对应偏差和透明度高估的条件，结果表明，如果行动者关注自己的公开行为，他们就会高估对应偏差；如果行动者关注自己的真实态度或个性，他们就会高估自己的透明度。另一方面，观察者数据的结果表明，当观察者试图推断演员的性格时，他们倾向于依赖他们在演员行为中发现的微妙线索。实验检验了这样的假设：演员在表演前做出推断时是否高估了观察者对他们的障碍的考虑。结果不支持该假设。当演员在表演前而不是表演后做出推断时，他们的预测更加悲观。还检查了观察者对演员偏好的推断以及演员对他们的元感知。当观察者是他们的朋友而不是不认识的人时，演员会表现出更大的透明度幻觉。