An integrated study on observes' dispositional inferences and actors' meta-perceptional processes in interaction.

本研究旨在探讨当观察者对行动者的性格倾向做出推论时，行动者是否意识到观察者倾向于表现出的对应偏差。通过多个实验发现，行动者高估了观察者的对应偏差的大小，实验考察了决定行动者高估对应偏差和高估透明度的条件，发现行动者如果关注自己的外显行为，会高估对应偏差，而如果关注自己的真实态度或个性，会高估透明度。另一方面，观察者的数据表明，观察者倾向于依赖他们在演员的行为中发现的微妙线索，当他们试图推断演员的性格时，实验验证了这一假设，即演员是否高估了观察者在表演前进行推断时对他们所处的障碍的考虑。结果并不支持这一假设。演员在表演前做出的预测比表演后做出的预测更悲观，观察员对演员偏好的推断和演员对他们的元感知也被检验。当观察者是他们的朋友而不是陌生人时，行动者表现出更大的透明度错觉。

This study examined whether actors are aware of the correspondence bias which observers tend to show when they make inferences about actors' dispositions. Multiple experiments were conducted and found that actors overestimate the magnitude of correspondence bias of observers.The experiments examined the condition which determines the emergence of overestimation of correspondence bias and the overestimation of transparency revealed that actors overestimate the correspondence bias if they focus on their overt behavior but they overestimate their transparency if they focus on their true attitude or personality. On the other hand, the results from observers' data suggested that observers tend to rely on subtle cues they found in actors behavior when they try to infer the dispositions of actors.The experiments tested the hypothesis whether actors' overestimate the observers' consideration of the handicaps they have when they make inferences before the performance. The results did not support the hypothesis. Actors' predictions were more pessimistic when they made the inferences before the performance rather than after the performance.Observers' inferences about actors' preferences and meta-perception of actors about them were also examined. Actors showed larger illusion of transparency when the observers are their friends rather than unacquainted others.