The family system in single-mother families and the process of recovery from crisis

一、单亲家庭学龄期子女的家庭系统本研究的目的是阐明单亲家庭学龄期子女如何重建家庭系统，从危机中恢复过来的过程。主要的方法是面谈;对四位单身母亲每人进行了四到五次面谈。此外，本研究以单亲母亲家庭为对象进行参与式观察，发现学龄期儿子在离婚前后较易表现出问题行为。由于离婚程序的疲劳，母亲的育儿功能同时受到损害也很常见。在这种情况下，母子之间很容易转移对方的情绪，将无意识投射到对方身上。研究表明，通过重新融入社会，这些封闭的单身母亲家庭可以摆脱这种模式，父母离异青少年的叙事本研究对13名经历过父母离异的青少年进行了半结构化访谈，这些青少年从婴儿期到中年期都经历过父母离异。叙事的方法显示，受试者创造的故事，以克服他们的危机感。这些故事强调了四种策略：“问题外化”，即离婚是父母的问题，而不是他们自己的问题;“重新认识父母的角色”，即假设分居的父母即使在离婚后也会继续与他们的关系;“个人选择”，即他们可以选择是否继续与分居的父母的关系;和“少数民族身份”，因为他们认为自己是少数民族的一员，是来自破碎家庭的孩子。

1 The family system of single-mother families with school age childrenThe aim of this study was to clarify the process of how single-mother families with school-age sons rebuild their family system and recover from the crisis. The main method was the interview ; four single mothers were interviewed four or five times each. In addition, participant observation of the single-mother families was performed.The study found that school-age sons are likely to exhibit problem behavior around the time of the divorce. It also is common for the mother's parental functioning to be compromised at that same time due to fatigue from the divorce proceedings. Under such circumstances, it is easy for the mother and son to transfer each other's emotions and project unconsciousness on each other. The study showed that by re-engaging with society, these kinds of closed single-mother families are released from such patterns, and a subsystem between the father and son is formed with the separation of the mother and the son.2 The narrative of adolescents who experienced parental divorceThis study comprised semi-structured interviews of thirteen adolescents who had experienced parental divorce from infancy through their middle-school years.A narrative approach revealed that subjects created stories to overcome their perceptions of crises. And those stories highlighted four strategies : "problem externalization," with divorce as a problem for their parents, not themselves; "renewed acknowledgement of the parental role," with the assumption that the separated parent would continue his or her relationship with them even after divorce ; "personal choice," or the understanding they could choose whether to continue their relationship with the separated parent; and "minority identity," in that they saw themselves as members of a minority, as children from broken homes.