Development of liposomal intranasal vaccine for prevention of mastitis in cattle.

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The usefulness of fusiogenic liposomes composed of DPPC (1mmol), DPPS (1mmol), and SucPG (0.7mg) (SucPG-liposome) as vehicle for the antigen delivery system in the induction of a protective immune response against bovine mastitis was evaluated. Mice were immunized with OVA-containing SucPG-liposome intranasally. After immunization, significantly higher antigen-specific IgG and IgA antibodies were detected in sera than in the non-immunized control group. The usefulness of adsorptive SucPG-liposome having chitosan (Chito-SucPG-liposome) for the induction of the immune responses was also examined. After intranasal administration of OVA-containing Chito-SucPG-liposome, further augmentation of IgG and IgA antibody responses against OVA was observed. When sera from immunized mice with SucPG-liposome and Chito-SucPG-liposome were analyzed for isotype distribution, antigen-specific IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG3 antibody responses were noted. This result suggests that both humoral (Th2-type) and cell-mediated (Th1-type) immunity are induced by intranasal immunization with SucPG-liposome- and Chito-SucPG-liposome-associated antigens.In addition, the immune responses to antigen entrapped in Chito-SucPG-liposome were examined by intranasal immunization of cattle with OVA-containing Chito-SucPG-liposome. The intranasal administration with OVA-containing Chito-SucPG-liposome induced significant IgG and IgA responses to OVA in sera and milk from all of cattle administered. This data demonstrates that Chito-SucPG-liposome would have the potential usefulness for the induction of a protective immune response against bovine mastitis and suggests the possibility of developing vaccines that may ultimately be used for the prevention of mastitis in cattle.