Laterality in Sports

第二个项目阶段的重点是扩展讨论的方法来解释运动，知觉和认知水平上的侧依赖性能不对称。根据我们最近的研究结果，目的是继续探索左撇子的优势，从不同的角度在互动体育。一方面，在这里，我们考虑的参数，涉及到目前最受欢迎的帐户，国家左撇子享有频率依赖的优势。此外，我们还包括选定的方面，通常被引用到我们的工作program.First，在三个反应时实验证明左撇子先天优势，我们将测试功能半球不对称的影响，在体育运动中的偏侧效应。与以往的研究不同，我们的实验考虑到互动运动的需求和特点。我们预期，左撇子与右撇子攻击时反应的延迟显著差异是左撇子优势的另一个有意义的解释，特别是在近距离对抗的情况下，如拳击。我们反复表明，左撇子的行动意图比右撇子对手更难预测（负感知频率效应假设）。在节目的另一部分，我们实验性地解决与这一发现有关的问题。我们假设，在运动员的视觉信息拾取（即视觉搜索行为），以及他们在依赖学习事件的概率可能会促进减少性能时，预期的结果左手actions.Within第三个实验部分，我们采取了一个关键的发现，从第一个项目阶段。在这里，我们表明，在网球中的球放置行为，球员保持他们的战术偏好，通过增加对右撇子也当他们面对左撇子对手，从而把自己的位置不利于性能。结合这些研究结果，我们测试的预测，在羽毛球运动员也会表现出不对称的运动专长，这种行为偏好的结果。此外，我们期望预测的运动特定的运动表现和上述不对称的决策之间的正相关性。最后，本项目的第四部分涉及继续和完成的广泛的工作，在第一个项目阶段的检查之间的运动学差异左手和右手的行动。从这项工作中获得的数据也将作为基础，用于创造刺激在上面提到的一些实验。

The second project phase focusses on the extension of approaches discussed for explaining sidedness-dependent performance asymmetries on a motor, perceptual and cognitive level.Based on our recent findings, the aim is to continue the exploration of a left-handers advantage in interactive sports from diverse perspectives. On the one hand, here we consider arguments that relate to the currently most favoured account which states that left-handers enjoy a frequency-dependent advantage. Moreover, we also include selected aspects that were commonly cited to prove a left-handers innate superiority into our work program.First, within three reaction time experiments we will test the impact of functional hemispheric asymmetries on laterality effects in sports. Unlike previous research, our experiments take into account the demands and characteristics of interactive sports. We expect significant differences in latencies for reacting on left- vs. right-handed attacks as another meaningful explanation for a left-handers advantage particularly in close distance confrontational situations such as boxing.We showed repeatedly that the action intentions of left-handed as opposed to right-handed opponents are harder to predict (negative perceptual frequency effect hypothesis). In another part of the program we experimentally address to questions related to this finding. We assume that side-dependent strategies in an athletes visual information pick-up (i.e. visual search behaviour) as well as their in reliance on learned event probabilities may promote the reduced performance when anticipating the outcome of left-handed actions.Within a third experimental part we take on a key finding from the first project phase. Here we showed that, as to ball placement behaviour in tennis, players maintained their tactical preferences acquired through increased play against right-handers also when they were confronted with left-handed opponents, thus placing themselves in a position detrimental to performance. Tying in with these findings we test the prediction that players in badminton would also show asymmetries in motor expertise as a consequence of such behavioural preferences. In addition, we expect a positive correlation between the predicted side-dependent differences in sport-specific motor performance and aforementioned asymmetries in decision-making.Finally, a fourth part of this project deals with the continuation and completion of the extensive work initiated in the first project phase on the examination of kinematic differences between left- and right-handed actions. The data obtained from this work will also serve as basis for the creation of stimuli used in some of the experiments noted above.