Correlation between S100 family proteins and renal cell carcinoma - Possibility of early diagnosis and molecular targeting therapy

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The present study was conducted to analyze the expression of S100A10, annexin II and B-FABP genes in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and their potential value as the tumor marker. Furthermore, any correlation between the gene expression and prognostic indicators of RCC was analyzed. Expression of each gene was estimated by RT-PCR in the non-neoplastic (normal) and tumor parts of surgically resected kidney samples (n=47). Each antigen was immunostained in RCC and normal kidney tissues (n=13). Expression of S100A10 in the normal and tumor parts was in average 0.38±0.06 and 0.95±0.14, respectively, (p<0.0001, t-test) after the standarization against that of □-actin. Similarly, expression of annexin II was 0.73±0.05 and 1.20±0.12 (p<0.0003). In all tissue sections of RCC,S100A10 and annexin II were membraneously immunostained. In the normal renal epithelia, however, both antigens were stained in the Bowman's capsule and the tubules from Henle's loop through collecting duct system but not in the proximal tubules, from where most RCCs are derived. On the other hand, expression of B-FABP was 0.04±0.02 and 0.78±0.14 (p<0.0001), respectively, and 36 of 47 carcinoma samples overexpressed B-FABP (p<0.005,□2-test). No B-FABP was immunohistochemically detected in normal kidney sections, but it was cytoplasmically stained in more than two-third of RCC tissue sections. In nuclear grade G1 samples, annexin II was co-overexpressed with S100A10 (7/8,p<0.05). On the other hand, S100A10 and B-FABP was overexpressed regardless of the grade and stage. The three genes were good as RCC markers, and B-FABP was most specific to RCC. Co-overexpression of S100A10 and annexin II was apparently correlated with an indicator for favorable prognosis of RCC.