Epidemiological study of the sleep problems among Japanese pregnant women

根据国际不宁腿综合征研究组（IRLSSG）的诊断标准，重新检查日本孕妇中不宁腿综合征（RLS）的患病率，并从流行病学角度阐明与RLS相关的因素，包括睡眠障碍和妊娠状态。对在344家临床产科机构之一进行第二次或后续咨询的19 441名确认怀孕的妇女进行了分析。在等待咨询的时间里，每个受试者都被要求完成一份自我管理的问卷。进行单因素和多元逻辑回归分析。孕妇中RLS患病率为2.9%。各年龄段的患病率呈u型曲线，30多岁的患病率最低。在妊娠晚期，患病率增加了一倍多。妊娠晚期、多胎、吸烟、主观睡眠不足、入睡困难、早醒和白天嗜睡有较强的相关性（OR分别为1.92、0.76、1.54、1.68、2.44、1.80、1.89）。日本孕妇的RLS患病率并不像以前报道的那么高；与日本普通民众的情况相似。由于RLS的患病率低于西方国家，遗传背景可能在很大程度上导致了观察到的差异。在这项研究中，与其他研究一样，RLS的患病率在妊娠晚期增加，并且观察到RLS与入睡困难以及维持睡眠困难之间存在很强的关联。

To reexamine the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) among pregnant women in Japan based on the diagnostic criteria of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG), and to epidemiologically clarify factors associated with RLS including sleep disorders and pregnancy status. 19,441 women with a confirmed pregnancy who had attended one of 344 clinical obstetric institutions for a second or subsequent consultation were subjected to analysis. Each subject was instructed to complete a self-administered questionnaire during the time spent waiting for a consultation. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted. The prevalence of RLS among the pregnant women was 2.9%. The prevalence by age group exhibited a U-shaped curve with the value for those in the thirties as a minimum. The prevalence became more than twice higher in the third trimester of pregnancy. There were stronger associations between RLS and third trimester of pregnancy, multipara, smoking, subjective insufficient sleep, difficulty initiating sleep, early morning awakening, and excessive daytime sleepiness (OR:1.92,0.76,1.54,1.68,2.44,1.80,1.89,respectively). The prevalence of RLS among pregnant women in Japan was not as high as previously reported; similar to that for the general Japanese population. As the prevalence of RLS is lower than that in Western countries, genetic backgrounds may largely contribute to the observed differences. In this study, like others, the prevalence of RLS increased during the third trimester of pregnancy, and strong associations were observed between RLS and difficulty initiating sleep, and between RLS and difficulty maintaining sleep.