Biomechanism of legs movement during stepping motion

对步态动作及其节奏特征作为暂时性因素进行了研究。研究对象为健康男性和女性各24名，年龄66~90岁。用高速摄像机记录15s内最大用力的踏步运动，并在坐姿下测量腿部力量。用数字化方法将人体位置坐标送入微型计算机，并对频率、运动时间、位移、速度、功率等进行分析。为了明确步态运动，计算了步态运动性能与步态运动参数之间的关系，并计算了步态阶段的周期时间(MT)、接触时间(CT)、空中时间(AT)、腿部上移时间(MUT)和腿部下降时间(LT)等临时参数的系数变化。研究结果如下：1)男子S步态动作的动作频率、动作时间、位移、速度、功率、腿部力量等参数均为…2)在步态运动暂时性参数的节律性特征中，左、右MT相同。CT长于AT(男性长于女性)，空中时MUT长于LT。3)频率与运动时间、频率与CT呈显著负相关，频率与速度、速度与CT呈显著正相关。4)步态动作的频率变异系数较小，且CT和AT的变异居中(AT的变异系数大于CT)。MUT和LT的变异系数也较大。5)踏步动作可分为三种类型：类型1(原地踏步)、类型2(低膝抬起轻快跳跃)、类型3(高抬膝有力跳跃)，其中类型1在女性动作中最常见，类型3在男性动作中最常见。较少

A study was conducted to clarify the stepping motion and its rhythms characteristics as temporary factor. Twenty-four healthy male and female 66-90year old were recruited as subjects. Stepping motion with maximum effort during 15 seconds was recorded by a high speed video camera, and the leg strength was measured in the sitting position. Coordinates of body position were fed into a microcomputer using a digitizing method, and the frequency, movement time, displacement, velocity, power etc were analized. In order to clarify the stepping motion, the correlation between the performance and parameter of stepping motion, was calculated, along with the coefficient-variation of temporary parameters such as lcycle time(MT), contact time(CT), aerial time(AT), leg moving up time (MUT)and leg lowering time (LT)in the aerial phase. The results may be summarized as follows:1 )Male' s parameters such as frequency, movement time, displacement, velocity, power, the leg strength in stepping motion were … More higher than those of females.2) Among rhythmic characteristics of temporary parameters in stepping motion, the right and left MT were equal. The CT was longer than the AT (Male was longer AT than the female), and the MUT in the aerial phase was longer than the LT.3) The results revealed a significant negative correlation between the frequency and the movement time, between the frequency and the CT, and a significant positive correlation was found between the frequency and velocity, between the velocity and the CT. However, there were no significant correlations between the frequency and the power, the leg strength.4) The coefficient-variation (CV) of the frequency in stepping motion was small, and the CV of CT and AT was mid-range(the CV of AT was larger than CT). The CV of MUT and LT were also greater. This suggested the instability of the aerial phase.5)Stepping motion was classified into three patterns, typel(stepping in place), type2(light hopping with lower knee lifting),type3(powerful hopping with higher knee lifting).Type 1 was frequent in female motion, while type3 was frequent in male motion. Less