Development of Human Sized Town Management Support System Utilizing Geographic Information System

虽然当地居民对城市规划的承诺至关重要，但缺乏关于当地社区的信息似乎阻碍了居民参与城市规划的官方进程。在本研究中，我们引入了一个概念，我们称之为“知情的公民通过地理信息系统的知情决策”，并试图验证这一概念的有效性，通过进行问卷调查，在一个典型的地方城镇，神宫和辰野，兵库县的一个新合并的城市。问卷调查一直是反映当地居民对地方政府或社区以及调查结果已被用于制定日本几乎所有地方政府的具体政策和措施。在本研究中，通过问卷调查，我们发现，由于当地公共设施和服务的外部效应，如选择价值和声望价值，使用顺序量表询问居民生活环境项目的满意度和重要性的问题往往会高估各种需求。因此，我们建议引入量化方法，如CVM条件价值评估法（层次分析法）和联合分析，使地方问题浮出水面，使地方社区管理有效。此外，我们引入了一个新方法，让居民在一张居民问卷调查单张上的地图上作出标记，以显示所需市区设施的准确位置。在本研究中，我们计划提出基于GIS的问卷结果反馈系统对当地居民的可行性。

Though the commitment of local residents to urban planning is crucial, lack of information on local community seems to have prevented residents from participating in the official process for urban planning. In this study, we introduce a concept which we call "Informed Decision by Informed Citizen through Geographic Information Systems" and try to verify the effectiveness of the concept by conducting questionnaire surveys in a typical local town, Shingu and Tatsuno, a recently merged city in Hyogo Prefecture.Questionnaire surveying has been one of the main means to surface the needs from local residents for local governments or communities and the survey results have been utilized to draw out concrete policies and measures in almost all local governments in Japan. In this study, based on the questionnaire surveys we conducted, we suggested that questions which ask satisfaction and importance level for residents' living environment items by means of ordinal scale tend to overestimate various needs due to external effects of local public facilities and services such as option values and prestige values. Thus we propose the introduction of quantification methods such as CVM (Contingent Valuation Method), AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) and Conjoint Analysis to surface local issues and make local community management effective.Furthermore, we introduced a new method for surfacing the exact locations of desired urban facilities by asking residents to put a mark in a map on a sheet of resident questionnaire survey leaflet.As a further extension of this study, we plan to propose the viability of GIS based feedback system of questionnaire results to local residents.