Contrastive Studies on Meaning and Functions of Four Directionals in Polynesian Languages

波利尼西亚语言中四个方向的含义和功能对比研究

• 批准号: 17520247
• 负责人: SHIONOYA Toru
• 金额: $ 0.77万
• 依托单位: Muroran Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2005 至 2006
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17520247/
• 关键词: Polynesian languages; Directionals; Hawaiian; Tahitian

Previous works on Polynesian languages and various kinds of linguistic data of Polynesian languages were collected in this research. In order to collect some materials unavailable in Japan, two trips to French Polynesia were made.Polynesian languages have a limited number of words called directionals. Descriptions of directionals in 24 Polynesian languages were obtained from previous works collected in this research. Two directionals, meaning "towards the speaker" and "away from the speaker" respectively, were found in almost all 24 Polynesian languages. Two more directionals, meaning "upward" and "downward" respectively, were found in the majority of the 24 Polynesian languages. The fifth directional and the sixth directional were found in descriptions of a few Polynesian languages. In many Polynesian languages, the verb/adverb "differ/differently" also has a directional meaning "away, apart", which is considered a directional in some previous works on Polynesian languages.Directionals are basically used to show a direction of movement. Directionals are also used to show location in space or in time. There are many derivative usages of directionals. Four common directionals are used to show comparison in many Polynesian languages. In comparative expressions, two directionals, meaning "away from the speaker" and "upward" respectively, tend to be used extensively, while the other two directionals, meaning "towards the speaker" and "downward" respectively, are used to mean "smaller" or "fewer".

本研究收集了波利尼西亚语言的前人著作以及波利尼西亚语言的各种语言资料。为了收集一些在日本无法获得的材料，我两次前往法属波利尼西亚。波利尼西亚语言中存在数量有限的单词，称为方向词。 24 种波利尼西亚语言的方向性描述取自本研究收集的先前作品。几乎所有 24 种波利尼西亚语言中都存在两个方向词，分别表示“朝向说话者”和“远离说话者”。在 24 种波利尼西亚语言中的大多数语言中还发现了另外两个方向，分别表示“向上”和“向下”。在一些波利尼西亚语言的描述中发现了第五方向和第六方向。在许多波利尼西亚语言中，动词/副词“不同/不同”也有方向含义“远离，分开”，在以前的一些波利尼西亚语言著作中被认为是方向。方向基本上用于表示运动的方向。方向也用于显示空间或时间位置。方向有许多衍生用途。四种常见的方向用于显示许多波利尼西亚语言的比较。在比较表达中，两个方向（分别表示“远离说话者”和“向上”）往往被广泛使用，而另外两个方向（分别表示“朝向说话者”和“向下”）则用于表示“较小”或“较少”。

项目成果

Contrastive Studies on Meaning and Functions of Four Directionals in Polynesian Languages (Results of the Research Project)

波利尼西亚语言中四个方向的含义和功能的对比研究（研究项目的结果）

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: Muroran Institute of Technology
• 作者: SHIONOYA;Toru
• 通讯作者: Toru

ポリネシア諸語における四つの方向詞の意味・機能に関する対照研究(研究成果報告書)

波利尼西亚语言四种方向词含义和功能的比较研究（研究报告）

• 发表时间: 2007
• 作者: SHIONOYA;Toru;塩谷亨
• 通讯作者: 塩谷亨