Typological Studies of Tonal Changes Based on Acoustic Analyses of the Sanuki-type Accent Systems on Ibuki-jima and Surrounding Areas

这笔赠款在以下地区进行了关于口音的实地工作，使数字化的声音数据能够使用个人电脑和数字硬盘录像机(ROLAD R-4)进行收集：(1)关东市(香川县)、Awa-Ikeda(德岛县)和其他地区(2)正津、三洋、和岛、志马岛(香川县)(3)京都(Yawata市)和大阪(岸田市和丰中市)(4)吉川县(Yoshinogawa-shi)、Aki和Kochi(高知县)和其他地区(5)Ibuki-jima(香川县)(3)京都(Yawata市)和大阪(岸田市和丰中市)(4)Yoshinogawa-shi(德岛县)、Aki和Kochi(高知县)和其他地区(5此外，还收集了川川县、川野县、大阪、京都等四国地区典型的凯寒式口音系统以及秋市、高知市等非三木口音系统的声学数据。这些系统与Sanuki系统的比较研究发现：(A)Ibukijima的无重音H调(高调)模式明显不同于德岛、大阪、京都、Aki和Kochi等具有相同H调模式的其他系统；(B)在大多数Sanuki地区，无重音H调模式表现为逐渐下降的基音模式，这不同于Ibuki-jima所观察到的所谓的Kakou-shiki(略微下降)重音模式；(3)在三木式系统中，无重音的L声调(低调)也表现出一些特殊的语音特征，这明显不同于京都-大阪式系统的语音特征，即：(1)它们不是以相对较低的音高开始，(2)一般的音高范围相对较高而不是相对较低，(3)它们没有像京都和大阪的相应模式那样，在每个短语的结尾表现出上升的音调模式。

The fieldwork on accents in the following areas was conducted by this grant, which enabled the digitalized sound data to be collected by using a PC and a digital hard-disc recorder (Roland R-4):(1) Kan'onji (Kagawa Prefecture), Awa-ikeda (Tokushima Prefecture) and other areas(2) Tadotsu, and Mitoyo, and Awa-shima, Shishi-jima islands (Kagawa Prefecture)(3) Kyoto (Yawata city) and Osaka (Kishiwada and Toyonaka city)(4) Yoshinogawa-shi (Tokushima Prefecture), Aki and Kochi (Kochi Prefecture) and other areas(5) Ibuki-jima, and Kan'onji (Kagawa Prefecture), and Kawanoe (Ehime Prefecture)The sound data of the typical Keihan-type accent systems (Osaka and Kyoto), and other non-Sanuki systems in the same Shikoku area, such as Aki and Kochi city, were also collected. The comparative studies between these systems and the Sanuki system revealed the following results:(a) The unaccented H-tone (high-tone) pitch pattern in Ibukijima is clearly different from those of other systems with the same H-tone patterns, such as Tokushima, Osaka, Kyoto, Aki, and Kochi;(b) In most of the Sanuki areas, the unaccented H-tone patterns show a pitch pattern with gradual declining pitch, which are different from the so-called 'Kakou-shiki (slightly declining)' accent pattern observed in Ibuki-jima;(c) In the Sanuki-type systems, the unaccented L-tone (low-tone) patterns also show some peculiar phonetic features, which clearly differs from those in Keihan (Kyoto-Osaka) type systems, in that (1) they do not begin with relatively lower pitch than other patterns, (2) the general pitch range is relatively high rather than low, and (3) they do not show a rising pitch patterns toward the end of each phrase as do the corresponding patterns in Kyoto and Osaka.