The Archaeological geographic study in Osaka Plain of Ritsuryo era allowing for Micro-topographic reconstruction by data of archaeological investigations and archaeological specimens

本研究针对大阪平原。考虑到考古调查、地质柱状剖面、自然或人工地面沉降等结果，在7世纪至8世纪之间，以1米等高线绘制了大阪地形图。此外，本文还以地图为基础，考察了浪和都城周边的历史景观、浪和都城的建筑、浪和都城周边的交通网络、川崎平原的人工运河、大阪平原的土地分配制度的特征和构建时代。调查的主要结果如下：在上町山的东侧，从川町南部凸出一个半岛，一个叫做草前的巨大海湾一直延伸到Ikoma山脚下。从大阪湾附近出土的遗骸来看，当时的海平面比现在低80厘米。(2) Kusakae的深度西侧为4 ~ 5米，东侧为6 ~ 7米。(3)南水北调都城的中央宫殿区和约博城于7世纪下半叶开始建设，8世纪上半叶完工。这个规模南北4.2公里，东西2.1公里，与藤原和平州的首都相比要小得多。(4)复原了8世纪为防止川平原水灾而人工挖掘的由阳木修建的水北川、由阳藤河至三国河之间的运河、由wakenokiomaro修建的川町运河。(5)除草前等水域外，佐立的大部分土地分配制度重叠了居住区域。也许这些都是在8世纪左右建造的除了地形条件下的未开垦地区。

This study is intended for the Osaka Plain. I made a Osaka topographical map by one meter contour line between the seventh century and eighth century allowing for results of archaeological investigations, geologic columnar sections and natural or artificial land subsidence. Moreover as a base map it, investigated historical landscapes around Naniwa capital, structures of Naniwa capital, a transportation network around Naniwa capital, artificial canals in the Kawachi Plain, characteristics and constructed age of Johri land allotment systems at the Osaka Plain. The main results of investigation are as follows.(1) In the eastern side of the Uemachi hill projecting as a peninsula from southern Kawachi, a vast bay called the Kusakae stretched to the foot of the Mt. Ikoma. Considering levels of excavated remains near Osaka Bay, sea level in those days was 80 centimeters below present sea level.(2) The depth of the Kusakae was between 4 meters and 5 meters at the west, between 6 meters and 7 meters at the east.(3) The central Palace area and Jobo city of Naniwa capital began to construct in the latter half of seventh century and was completed in the first half of eighth century. That scale is 4.2 kilometers north and south, 2.1 kilometers east and west, is much smaller in comparison with Fujiwara and Heijoh capitals.(4) I was able to restore sites of Sukita Horikawa by Gyoki, canal between Yodo river and Mikuni river and Kawachi canal by Wakenokiyomaro that was dug artificially to prevent floods of Kawachi Plain in eighth century.(5) The large of Johri land allotment systems overlaps areas to reside except waters of Kusakae and so on. Perhaps those were constructed about eighth century except uncultivated areas by topographical conditions.