Initiatives for the Development of Support Programs for the Independence of Homeless Persons Using NPO Facilities

在本研究中，我们考察了非营利组织为无家可归者的独立提供紧急和即时支持的设施。这项研究的目的是确定有效发展支持这些人独立的方案的线索。许多这样的设施都设立在有大量无家可归者的地区，以提供“免费和低成本的住宿服务”。我们认为，分析这种支持的性质对于制定支持自给自足生活的有效计划具有重要意义。我们的研究对象是非营利组织a公司。我们重新分析了早期对a公司运营的设施的居民的调查，并对设施工作人员进行了访谈调查。在2005年引入支持公共援助对象自给自足的项目之后，我们也对City n提供的这种支持进行了调查。通过上述调查和分析，我们可以得到以下发现。第一，作为自给自足支助对象的无家可归者是失业人员，他们虽然属于不稳定阶层，但在社区中过着正常的生活。对于这些人来说，要转变为能够独立生活和工作的正常生活是非常困难的。第二，A公司提供的支助是切合无家可归者特点的实际和具体的支助。通过检查这种支持的性质，我们能够确定构成支持自给自足生活的项目发展的要素，即：(1)改善获得就业的条件；(2)个人的理解和支持；（三）时间保证；(4)设施群动力学；(5)以设施后时间为重点的支持；（六）协同努力；(7)最低生活费用的保证。

In this study, we examined NPO-run facilities providing emergency and immediate support for the independence of homeless persons. The aim of the research was to determine clues for the effective development of support programs for the independence of such persons. Many of these facilities have been set up in districts with large homeless populations to provide "free and low-cost accommodation services." We believed that analyzing the nature of this support would be significant in the development of effective programs supporting self-sufficient living.The subject of our study was NPO Corporation A. We reanalyzed an earlier survey of residents living at a facility run by Corporation A, and we conducted an interview survey of facility staff. In the wake of the introduction in 2005 of programs supporting the self-sufficiency of recipients of public assistance, we also conducted a survey on such support provided by City N.Through the above surveys and analysis, we were able to obtain the following findings. First, the homeless persons who were targeted for self-sufficiency support were unemployed people who, although belonging to the precariat, had led normal lives in the community. It would be enormously difficult for these people to shift to a regular life where they could live and work independently. Second, the support provided at the Corporation A was practical and specific support appropriate for the characteristics of the homeless. From examining the nature of that support, we were able to ascertain the elements making up the development of programs supporting self-sufficient living, namely : (1)the improvement of conditions for gaining employment ; (2)individual understanding and suppor t; (3)a guarantee of time ; (4)group dynamics of the facility ; (5)support that focuses on the time after the facility ; (6)coordinated efforts ; and (7)a guarantee for the minimum cost of living.