The influence of defendant's characters on judgement by lay judges in the lay judge system

非专业法官制度中被告人性格对非专业法官判决的影响

• 批准号: 17530455
• 负责人: KAZAMA Fumiaki
• 金额: $ 1.41万
• 依托单位: Jumonji University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2005 至 2006
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17530455/
• 关键词: judgement; characters of defendant; social status; sanction; deviant behavior; lay judge; 被害者の属性

By May 2009, Japan will introduce a lay judge system. Under this system, lay judges will make a judgement with professional judges. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of defendant's characters on judgement by lay judges. Especially, the author focused on the defendant's social status and examined its effect on judgement. In study 1, undergraduates (n=400) participated in the questionnaire-type experiment. They read either vignette about a deviant behavior and judged the term of imprisonment imposed on the actor. The results showed that the term of imprisonment imposed on a high-status actor was shorter than on a low-status one for an unintentional deviant behavior, but when the intention of deviance was clear, the advantage of the high status in the sanction was not observed. In study 2, undergraduates (n=462) judged the term of imprisonment for deviant actors with five different occupational statuses. The results of study 2 showed that the term of imprisonment imposed on a high-status actor was longer than on a low-status one. In study 3, ordinary adults (n=341) selected by random sampling, similar to the lay judge system, judged the term of imprisonment individually. The deviant's social status was manipulated by four different occupations. The results of study 3 showed that the actor's social status had no effect on the term of imprisonment, but the feeling of criticism was stronger against a high-status actor than against a low-status one. This suggests that judgement by ordinary people was not influenced by the defendant's occupational status, and even if they felt a defendant was blamable, their judgement was not influenced by their feeling. The inconsistent results of studies 1 to 3 reveal the necessity of further research.

到2009年5月，日本将引入非专业法官制度。在这种制度下，非专业法官将与专业法官一起作出判决。本研究的目的是考察被告性格对非专业法官判决的影响。作者特别关注了被告的社会地位，并考察了其对判决的影响。在研究一中，大学生(n=400)参加了问卷式实验。他们要么阅读关于越轨行为的插曲，要么判断对演员施加的监禁刑期。结果表明，对于非故意越轨行为，地位较高的行为人的刑期比地位较低的行为者短，但当越轨意图明确时，地位较高的行为人在处罚中的优势并不明显。在研究2中，大学生(n=462)判断具有五种不同职业地位的越轨行为者的监禁刑期。研究2的结果表明，地位高的演员被判处的刑期比地位低的演员长。在研究3中，随机抽取341名普通成年人，类似于普通法官制度，对监禁刑期进行个别判断。变态者的社会地位被四种不同的职业操纵。研究三的结果表明，演员的社会地位对刑期没有影响，但对地位高的演员的批评情绪比对地位低的演员更强烈。这表明普通人的判断不受被告职业地位的影响，即使他们认为被告有责任，他们的判断也不受他们的感受的影响。研究1到3的结果不一致，表明有必要进行进一步的研究。

项目成果

社会的地位が逸脱行動に対する刑期判断に及ぼす影響-複数の職業間の比較-

社会地位对越轨行为量刑决定的影响——多种职业的比较——

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: 日本心理学会第70回大会発表論文集
• 作者: 松浦 均;松浦 均;風間文明
• 通讯作者: 風間文明

The influence of actor's social status on sanctions against intentional and unintentional deviant behaviors.

行为者社会地位对有意和无意越轨行为制裁的影响。

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: The Jumonji journal of human life sciences 3
• 作者: 松浦 均;松浦 均;風間文明;丸山良平;Fumiaki Kazama;Ryohei MARUYAMA;風間文明;間宮 正幸;風間文明;田中 康雄;Fumiaki Kazama
• 通讯作者: Fumiaki Kazama

行為者の社会的地位が意図的な逸脱行動に対する制裁に及ぼす影響

行为人社会地位对故意越轨行为制裁的影响

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: 十文宇学園女子大学人間生活学部紀要 第3巻
• 作者: TAKAMOTO;Yukiko;高本 雪子;風間文明
• 通讯作者: 風間文明

The influence of actor's social status on judicial judgement against deviant behaviors : comparison between five occupations.

行为人社会地位对越轨行为司法判断的影响——五种职业的比较

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: Proceedings of the 70th annual meeting of the Japanese Psychological Association
• 作者: 松浦 均;松浦 均;風間文明;丸山良平;Fumiaki Kazama
• 通讯作者: Fumiaki Kazama