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Studies on the genetic effect in termite caste determination

白蚁种姓判定的遗传效应研究

基本信息

批准号：
17570013
负责人：
KITADE Osamu
金额：
$ 2.3万
依托单位：
Ibaraki University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2005 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17570013/
关键词：
termite caste determination mechanism gene parthenogenesis

项目摘要

1. Parthenogenetic ability of termites and caste ratio of the parthenogens:Six species of termites (four Reticulitermes spp., Z. nevadensis, N. koshunensis) and regional populations of R. speratus were investigated on their parthenogenetic ability. The former sex species could not reproduce by parthenogenesis, but individuals from every local population of R. speratus could. All the parthenogens developed into female nymphs. The phylogeny of the local populations of R. speratus was inferred by molecular phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial genes.2. Test of genetic caste determination model:Using R. kanmonensis and R. okinawanus, the genetic caste getermination model was tested. We carried out four types of crossing experiments using male and female nymphoid and ergatoid neotenic reproductives. Eggs were reared by male workers. In the former species the realized caste/sex ratios of the offspring did not differ from the expected values of the genetic model. The almost the same results were obtained in R. okinawanus, suggesting that a common mechanism regulate the caste ratio in the genus Reticulitermes.3. Search for the caste-and sex-lined genetic markers:We carried out AFLP analysis to find caste or sex specific genetic markers. Using 21 selective primer pairs, we found 316 polymorphic AFLP loci, but could not find caste specific bands. However, one male specific AFLP locus was found, which probably on the Y-chromosome. We also set up the experimental conditions of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to separate sex chromosomes.4. Genetic structure and caste ratio in the field colony:We investigated of the genetic structures of R. speratus in Tokai, Ibaraki pref. using microsatellite and mt-DSCP markers. We estimated colony boundaries and examined caste compositions of the field colonies.

1.白蚁的孤雌生殖能力及孤雌生殖种姓比：对6种白蚁（散白蚁属、内华白蚁属、科顺白蚁属）6种白蚁和白蚁区域种群的孤雌生殖能力进行了调查。前性物种不能通过孤雌生殖进行繁殖，但每个当地 R. speratus 种群的个体都可以。所有的孤雌生殖都发育成雌性若虫。通过线粒体基因的分子系统发育分析，推断了R. speratus当地种群的系统发育。 2．遗传种姓决定模型的试验：以关门R. kanmonensis和冲绳R. okinawanus为材料，对遗传种姓决定模型进行了测试。我们使用雄性和雌性若虫和幼虫幼体进行了四种类型的杂交实验。鸡蛋由男性工人饲养。在前一个物种中，后代的种姓/性别比例与遗传模型的预期值没有差异。在冲绳红白蚁中也得到了几乎相同的结果，表明散白蚁属存在一种共同的调节种姓比例的机制。3．搜索种姓和性别遗传标记：我们进行了 AFLP 分析，以寻找种姓或性别特异性遗传标记。使用21对选择性引物，我们发现了316个多态性AFLP位点，但未能找到种姓特异性条带。然而，发现了一个男性特有的 AFLP 位点，该位点可能位于 Y 染色体上。建立了脉冲场凝胶电泳分离性染色体的实验条件。 4．田间群体的遗传结构和种姓比例：我们对茨城县东海市的R. speratus的遗传结构进行了调查。使用微卫星和 mt-DSCP 标记。我们估计了殖民地的边界并检查了野外殖民地的种姓构成。