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Studies on the genetic effect in termite caste determination

白蚁种姓判定的遗传效应研究

基本信息

批准号：
17570013
负责人：
KITADE Osamu
金额：
$ 2.3万
依托单位：
Ibaraki University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2005 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17570013/
关键词：
termite caste determination mechanism gene parthenogenesis

项目摘要

1. Parthenogenetic ability of termites and caste ratio of the parthenogens:Six species of termites (four Reticulitermes spp., Z. nevadensis, N. koshunensis) and regional populations of R. speratus were investigated on their parthenogenetic ability. The former sex species could not reproduce by parthenogenesis, but individuals from every local population of R. speratus could. All the parthenogens developed into female nymphs. The phylogeny of the local populations of R. speratus was inferred by molecular phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial genes.2. Test of genetic caste determination model:Using R. kanmonensis and R. okinawanus, the genetic caste getermination model was tested. We carried out four types of crossing experiments using male and female nymphoid and ergatoid neotenic reproductives. Eggs were reared by male workers. In the former species the realized caste/sex ratios of the offspring did not differ from the expected values of the genetic model. The almost the same results were obtained in R. okinawanus, suggesting that a common mechanism regulate the caste ratio in the genus Reticulitermes.3. Search for the caste-and sex-lined genetic markers:We carried out AFLP analysis to find caste or sex specific genetic markers. Using 21 selective primer pairs, we found 316 polymorphic AFLP loci, but could not find caste specific bands. However, one male specific AFLP locus was found, which probably on the Y-chromosome. We also set up the experimental conditions of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to separate sex chromosomes.4. Genetic structure and caste ratio in the field colony:We investigated of the genetic structures of R. speratus in Tokai, Ibaraki pref. using microsatellite and mt-DSCP markers. We estimated colony boundaries and examined caste compositions of the field colonies.

1.白蚁的孤雌生殖能力和孤雌原虫的种级比：调查了6种白蚁(四种白蚁、白蚁Z.nevandsis、库顺白蚁)和不同区域种群的白蚁孤雌生殖能力。以前的有性物种不能通过孤雌生殖繁殖，但每个地方种群的个体都可以通过孤雌生殖繁殖。所有单性生殖发育成雌若虫。结果1.通过线粒体基因的分子系统发育分析，推测了尖吻对虾地方种群的系统发育。遗传种姓确定模型的检验：利用甘肃红豆杉和冲绳红豆杉对遗传种姓地理终止模型进行检验。我们进行了四种类型的杂交试验，使用雄性和雌性若虫和麦角虫的新生生殖。蛋是由雄性工人饲养的。在前一物种中，后代的实现种姓/性别比与遗传模型的期望值没有差别。在罗非鱼中得到了几乎相同的结果，这表明在网虫属中存在一种共同的调节种级比的机制。寻找种姓和性别相关的遗传标记：我们进行了AFLP分析，以寻找种姓或性别特异的遗传标记。利用21对选择性引物，共扩增出316个AFLP基因座，但未发现种级特异性条带。但发现一个男性特有的AFLP基因座，可能位于Y染色体上。建立了脉冲场凝胶电泳法分离性染色体的实验条件。野外种群的遗传结构和种级比：我们调查了茨城县东海地区的尖吻对虾的遗传结构。利用微卫星和mt-DSCP标记。我们估计了殖民地的边界，并检查了野外殖民地的种姓组成。