Studies on the genetic effect in termite caste determination

1.白蚁的孤雌生殖能力和孤雌生殖者的等级比：6种白蚁（4种散白蚁，Z. nevadensis、黑脉拟单胞菌N. koshunensis）和R.研究了它们的孤雌生殖能力。前性种不能通过孤雌生殖繁殖，但各地方居群的个体均能通过孤雌生殖繁殖。speratus可以。所有孤雌生殖体都发育成雌体。研究了该属各地方居群的生殖发育。通过线粒体基因的分子系统发育分析，推测speratus为speratus.遗传种姓决定模型的检验：采用R。kanmonensis和R. okinawanus的遗传种姓获得模型进行了测试。我们进行了四种类型的杂交实验，使用男性和女性若虫和ergatoid幼态生殖。鸡蛋由男性工人饲养。在前一个物种的后代实现种姓/性别比没有不同的遗传模型的预期值。在R. okinawanus，表明散白蚁属的等级比例存在共同的调节机制.寻找与种性和性别有关的遗传标记：我们进行了AFLP分析，以寻找种性或性别特异性遗传标记。利用21对选择性引物，共检测到316个多态性位点，但未检测到种姓特异性条带。但发现了一个雄性特异的AFLP位点，可能位于Y染色体上。建立了脉冲场凝胶电泳分离性染色体的实验条件.田间群体的遗传结构和种姓比：我们调查了R.利用微卫星和mt-DSCP标记对东海、茨木等地的松褐天牛进行了研究。我们估计殖民地的边界，并研究了种姓组成的领域殖民地。

1. Parthenogenetic ability of termites and caste ratio of the parthenogens:Six species of termites (four Reticulitermes spp., Z. nevadensis, N. koshunensis) and regional populations of R. speratus were investigated on their parthenogenetic ability. The former sex species could not reproduce by parthenogenesis, but individuals from every local population of R. speratus could. All the parthenogens developed into female nymphs. The phylogeny of the local populations of R. speratus was inferred by molecular phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial genes.2. Test of genetic caste determination model:Using R. kanmonensis and R. okinawanus, the genetic caste getermination model was tested. We carried out four types of crossing experiments using male and female nymphoid and ergatoid neotenic reproductives. Eggs were reared by male workers. In the former species the realized caste/sex ratios of the offspring did not differ from the expected values of the genetic model. The almost the same results were obtained in R. okinawanus, suggesting that a common mechanism regulate the caste ratio in the genus Reticulitermes.3. Search for the caste-and sex-lined genetic markers:We carried out AFLP analysis to find caste or sex specific genetic markers. Using 21 selective primer pairs, we found 316 polymorphic AFLP loci, but could not find caste specific bands. However, one male specific AFLP locus was found, which probably on the Y-chromosome. We also set up the experimental conditions of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to separate sex chromosomes.4. Genetic structure and caste ratio in the field colony:We investigated of the genetic structures of R. speratus in Tokai, Ibaraki pref. using microsatellite and mt-DSCP markers. We estimated colony boundaries and examined caste compositions of the field colonies.