Micro-and macro-applications of moss protonema culture to environmental protection.

藓类植物原丝体是其生活史的第一阶段组织。花粉中的细胞经过两次分裂，形成具有串联细胞链结构的原丝体。一种是顶端细胞分裂，导致链延长，另一种是分支分裂，产生新的顶端细胞。藓类原丝体生长速度快，且所有细胞都暴露于周围环境中，因此适合于环境污染的生物检测。同时，其快速生长有利于建筑绿化。本研究针对藓类植物原丝在生物检测和绿色建筑中的两种应用进行了研究，即如何利用藓类植物原丝。测定了日本两种重金属离子对藓类植物原丝体生长的影响。以5种藓类植物的原丝体为材料进行实验，发现藓类原丝体对重金属离子具有较高的敏感性，并存在种间差异。对建筑绿化用苔藓制剂的制备方法进行了研究。用magna flex型转瓶进行大规模液体振荡培养，可使藓类植物原丝体增殖成功，用基片进行摇瓶培养，增殖的原丝体可附着在基片上。结果表明，藓类植物原丝体具有生物活性测定和建筑绿化材料的潜力。

Moss protonema is the first phase tissue in its life cycle. A cell emerged from a pollen grows into a protonema of serial cell chain structure by two type cell divisions. One is tip cell division that causes chain elongation and the other is branching division that makes new tip cells. Moss protonema has suitable feature for bioassay to test environmental polutions as protonema shows very fast growth and all cells of protonema are exposed to surrounding environment. At the same time, its fast growth is favorable for building greening. In this study, investigations of these two applications of moss protonemas, bioassay and green buildings, were performed, that is, how to use moss protonemas in the applications. Effect of two heavy metal ions, as serious polutant in Japan, on moss protonema growth was measured. Protonemas of five moss species were used for the experiment, and high sensitivities of moss protonemas against heavy metal ions and interspecies difference were obserbed. Methodology of moss preparations for building greening was researched. Proliferation of moss protonema by large-scale liquid shaking culture was successful by using magna flex type spinner flasks, and propageted protonemas could be clung to some sheets by lotator-culture with base-sheets. It was indicated that moss protonemas have an aptitude for both bioassay and building greening materials.