Micro-and macro-applications of moss protonema culture to environmental protection.

苔藓原丝体是其生命周期的第一阶段组织。从花粉中产生的细胞通过两种类型的细胞分裂成长为具有连续细胞链结构的原丝体。一种是导致链延长的尖端细胞分裂，另一种是形成新的尖端细胞的分枝分裂。苔藓原丝体生长迅速，细胞全部暴露在周围环境中，适合用于环境污染的生物检测。同时，它的快速增长也有利于建筑绿化。本研究对苔藓原酶在生物测定和绿色建筑两个方面的应用进行了研究，即如何在应用中利用苔藓原酶。测定了日本严重污染的两种重金属离子对苔藓原丝藻生长的影响。以5种苔藓植物的原丝体为实验材料，观察到苔藓原丝体对重金属离子的高度敏感性和种间差异。研究了用于建筑绿化的苔藓制剂方法。利用Magna Flex型转瓶进行大规模液体摇瓶培养，成功地实现了苔藓原丝体的大规模增殖，并可将繁殖后的原丝体贴附在部分片材上。这表明苔藓原丝体具有生物测定和建筑绿化材料的能力。

Moss protonema is the first phase tissue in its life cycle. A cell emerged from a pollen grows into a protonema of serial cell chain structure by two type cell divisions. One is tip cell division that causes chain elongation and the other is branching division that makes new tip cells. Moss protonema has suitable feature for bioassay to test environmental polutions as protonema shows very fast growth and all cells of protonema are exposed to surrounding environment. At the same time, its fast growth is favorable for building greening. In this study, investigations of these two applications of moss protonemas, bioassay and green buildings, were performed, that is, how to use moss protonemas in the applications. Effect of two heavy metal ions, as serious polutant in Japan, on moss protonema growth was measured. Protonemas of five moss species were used for the experiment, and high sensitivities of moss protonemas against heavy metal ions and interspecies difference were obserbed. Methodology of moss preparations for building greening was researched. Proliferation of moss protonema by large-scale liquid shaking culture was successful by using magna flex type spinner flasks, and propageted protonemas could be clung to some sheets by lotator-culture with base-sheets. It was indicated that moss protonemas have an aptitude for both bioassay and building greening materials.