Designing an Integrative, Comprehensive, Sustainable and Secure Pandemic Data Donation Project in Germany

过去14个月Covid-19大流行在全球范围内的发展表明，要成功缓解该疾病并遏制sars - cov -2病毒，需要决策者、公共卫生机构和机构采取(i)迅速、（ii）早期和（iii）区域解决的行动。为了改进、迅速、早期反应和区域解决评估，罗伯特·科赫研究所启动了两个数字大规模数据项目，旨在推进大流行病监测、情况评估和提供具有高分辨率数据的定量计算模型。“Covid-19移动项目”使用了来自5000多万个人手机用户的匿名和汇总的商业移动数据。流动性项目作为测量人口行为变化的高空间分辨率工具发挥了重要作用，例如在应对封锁措施时。冠状数据捐赠项目（datenspend - app）于2020年4月启动。在这个项目中，超过50万名捐赠者提供了他们的每日心率、步数和睡眠模式数据，这些数据由他们的可穿戴设备、智能手表或健身追踪器捕获。根据这些数据流的单个时间序列和数学算法，计算出用户发烧的可能性，这是一项有价值的信息，因为发烧是covid-19疾病的症状之一。捐助者社区保持稳定在50万人，是世界上唯一的数据捐赠项目。捐赠项目的新版本（Datenspende 3.0）将很快发布，它允许与个人捐赠者直接互动。通过这种方式，可以进行实时调查，例如健康状况、病史、过去的covid感染或心理方面的调查。该项目旨在整合Covid-19流动性和数据捐赠项目，将个人匿名流动性档案的捐赠元素整合为捐赠流的一部分。目标是为一个可持续的大流行病数据捐赠项目开发概念、技术和计算基础设施，该项目将监测生命信号、个人流动模式和接触动态的组成部分以及来自社会和心理调查的信息整合在一起。因此，该项目将流行病监测的个人健康监测、流动和个人调查方面整合到一个基于自愿提供数据原则的单一实时监测系统中。

The unfolding of the Covid-19 pandemic during the past 14 months on a global scale showed that a successful mitigation of the disease and containment on the SARS-CoV-2-virus requires (i) swift, (ii) early, and (iii) regionally resolved action by policy makers, public health bodies, and institutions. In order improve, swiftness, early response and regionally resolved assessments the Robert Koch-Institute launched two digital mass-data projects, that were designed to advance pandemic surveillance, situation assessment and provide quantitative computational models with high-resolution data. The “Covid-19 mobility project” uses anonymized and aggregated commercial mobility data, derived from over 50 million individual cell phone users. The mobility project has been instrumental as a tool for measuring behavior changes in the population with high spatial resolution for instance in response to lockdown measures. The Corona-Data-Donation Project (Datenspende-App) was launched in April 2020. In this project more than 500.000 donors provide their data on daily heart-rate, step counts and sleep pattern that is captured by their wearable devices, smart watches or fitness trackers. Based on individual time-series of these data streams and mathematical algorithms the likelihood of a user having developed fever is computed, a valuable piece of information as fever is one of the symptoms of covid-19 disease. The community of donors remains stable at half a million individuals and is the only data donation project of this volume worldwide. A new version of the donation project will be released soon (Datenspende 3.0) that permits direct interaction with individual donors. This way real-time surveys can be conducted, e.g. on the state of health, history, past covid infection or psychological aspects. This project aims to integrate the Covid-19 Mobility and Data Donation projects by integrating a donation element of individual, anonymized mobility profiles as part of a donation stream.The goal is the development of the conceptual, technological, and computational infrastructure for a sustainable pandemic data donation project that integrates the components of surveillance of vital signals, individual mobility patterns, and contact dynamics as well as information from social and psychological surveys under one umbrella. The project thus integrates, individual health monitoring, mobility as well as individual survey aspects of pandemic surveillance in a single, real-time monitoring system based on a voluntary datadonation principle.