Precise Standard Model corrections to New Physics searches with unitarity tests of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa quark mixing matrix

希格斯玻色子的发现完成了对标准模型（SM）预测的粒子的探索，这是对称性和破缺所必需的。在粒子物理学中非常成功，SM未能描述宇宙学观测的主体，这激发了对SM（BSM）之外隐藏粒子和相互作用扇区的搜索。如果新的重粒子存在于自然界中，它们应该在对撞机可以到达的能量前沿变得可见。虽然LHC以前所未有的高能量运行，但没有观察到BSM的迹象。未来的对撞机将扩大能量前沿的视野。令人惊讶的是，在较低的能量下观察到可能的BSM信号的暗示。μ子的磁矩与SM理论的预测相差4.2σ，而电子的磁矩与SM理论的预测一致。半轻子B介子衰变表现出与轻子味普适性的4σ偏离。弱相互作用的普适性反映在Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa（CKM）夸克混合矩阵的么正性中，但这些测量联合收割机却产生了3σ么正性亏损，这种亏损可以解释为LHC和β衰变以互补和竞争的方式探测的重BSM物理的效应。即将进行的β衰变实验将提高精确度，并将在今后几年中保持这种互补性。为了使这种敏感性的BSM，精确的理论计算SM correctionsis至关重要。由于禁闭，涉及夸克的弱过程只能通过它们的束缚态强子来实现。描述这种结合和化合物性质的量子色动力学（QCD）非常复杂，并且在低能量下的微扰展开仅具有有限的适用性。我们可靠地计算强相互作用效应的能力是解释低能精密测试的核心。本项目致力于确定左上角CKM矩阵元Vud中的强子和核结构效应。这些影响不能从实验上区分BSM信号，需要从实验分析的结果中减去。这就提出了控制理论不确定性的要求。我是电弱盒图理论的公认专家，我开发了满足这一要求的色散关系框架，现在被认为是最先进的。这里提出的创新研究建立在这种专业知识的基础上，并通过与核理论和辐射校正专家的合作而丰富。它将提供关键的理论成分约束BSM与CKM么正性，与BSM发现的潜力，并将开辟新的研究途径。

Discovery of the Higgs boson has completed the quest for the particles that were predicted by the Standard Model (SM), required by its symmetries and breaking thereof. Extremely successful in particle physics, SM fails to describe a body of cosmological observations, which motivates searches for hidden particle and interaction sectors beyond SM (BSM). If new heavy particles are present in nature, they should become visible at the energy frontier reachable with colliders. Although the LHC operates at unprecedentedly high energies, no signs of BSM have been observed. Future colliders will expand the energy frontier horizons.Surprisingly, hints to possible BSM signals are observed at lower energies. The magnetic moment of the muon is 4.2σ away from the SM theory prediction, while an agreement for the electron is observed. Semileptonic B-meson decays exhibit a 4σ departure from lepton flavor universality. Universality of weak interaction is reflected in unitarity of the Cabibbo- Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) quark mixing matrix yet the measurements combine to a 3σ unitarity deficit.This deficit may be interpreted as an effect of heavy BSM physics which is probed by the LHC and β decays in a complementary and competitive way. Upcoming β decay experiments with improved precision will maintain this complementarity in the following years. To empower this sensitivity to BSM, precise theoretical calculations of SM correctionsare vital. Due to confinement, weak processes involving quarks are only accessible with their bound states, hadrons. Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) that describes this binding and the properties of the compound is very complex and a perturbation expansion at low energies has only limited applicability. Our ability to reliably compute effects of strong interaction is central to the interpretation of low-energy precision tests.This project is dedicated to hadronic and nuclear structure effects in the determination of the top left corner CKM matrix element Vud. These effects cannot be distinguished from BSM signals experimentally, and need to be subtracted from the results of the experimental analyses. This puts forth the requirement of controlling theoretical uncertainties.I am a widely recognized expert in the theory of electroweak box diagrams where I developed the dispersion relation framework that fulfills this requirement and is now considered the state-of-the-art. The innovative research proposed here builds upon this expertise and is enriched by the cooperation with experts on nuclear theory and radiative corrections. It will deliver crucial theoretical ingredients for constraining BSM with CKM unitarity, with a potential of a BSM discovery, and will open up new research avenues.