Precise Standard Model corrections to New Physics searches with unitarity tests of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa quark mixing matrix

希格斯玻色子的发现完成了对标准模型(SM)所预测的粒子的探索，这是标准模型对称性和破缺所必需的。SM在粒子物理学方面非常成功，但它未能描述一系列宇宙学观测，这促使人们在SM(BSM)之外寻找隐藏的粒子和相互作用部分。如果自然界中存在新的重粒子，它们应该会在对撞机可以到达的能量前沿变得可见。尽管大型强子对撞机以前所未有的高能量运行，但没有观察到黑洞黑洞的迹象。未来的对撞机将扩大能量前沿的视野。令人惊讶的是，在较低的能量下观察到了可能的BSM信号的迹象。介子的磁矩与SM理论的预测相差4.2σ，而电子的磁矩与理论预测的结果是一致的。半轻子B介子衰变表现出4σ偏离轻子普适性。弱相互作用的普适性反映在卡比博-小林-马斯卡瓦夸克混合矩阵的单位性上，但测量结果合并为3σ的单位差。这一亏损可以解释为β和LHC以互补和竞争的方式探测的重BSM物理的影响。即将到来的精确度更高的β衰变实验将在接下来的几年里保持这种互补性。为了增强对BSM的敏感性，SM修正的精确理论计算是至关重要的。由于禁闭，涉及夸克的弱过程只能通过它们的束缚态--强子--才能到达。描述这种结合和化合物性质的量子色动力学(QCD)是非常复杂的，在低能下的微扰展开只有有限的适用性。我们可靠地计算强相互作用效应的能力是解释低能量精度测试的核心。这个项目致力于确定左上角CKM矩阵元素VUD中的强子和核结构效应。这些影响不能从实验上从BSM信号中区分出来，需要从实验分析的结果中减去。这提出了控制理论不确定性的要求。我是一位公认的电弱盒图理论专家，在那里我开发了满足这一要求的色散关系框架，现在被认为是最先进的。这里提出的创新研究建立在这种专门知识的基础上，并通过与核理论和辐射修正专家的合作而得到丰富。它将为用CKM统一性约束BSM提供关键的理论成分，并有可能发现BSM，并将开辟新的研究途径。

Discovery of the Higgs boson has completed the quest for the particles that were predicted by the Standard Model (SM), required by its symmetries and breaking thereof. Extremely successful in particle physics, SM fails to describe a body of cosmological observations, which motivates searches for hidden particle and interaction sectors beyond SM (BSM). If new heavy particles are present in nature, they should become visible at the energy frontier reachable with colliders. Although the LHC operates at unprecedentedly high energies, no signs of BSM have been observed. Future colliders will expand the energy frontier horizons.Surprisingly, hints to possible BSM signals are observed at lower energies. The magnetic moment of the muon is 4.2σ away from the SM theory prediction, while an agreement for the electron is observed. Semileptonic B-meson decays exhibit a 4σ departure from lepton flavor universality. Universality of weak interaction is reflected in unitarity of the Cabibbo- Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) quark mixing matrix yet the measurements combine to a 3σ unitarity deficit.This deficit may be interpreted as an effect of heavy BSM physics which is probed by the LHC and β decays in a complementary and competitive way. Upcoming β decay experiments with improved precision will maintain this complementarity in the following years. To empower this sensitivity to BSM, precise theoretical calculations of SM correctionsare vital. Due to confinement, weak processes involving quarks are only accessible with their bound states, hadrons. Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) that describes this binding and the properties of the compound is very complex and a perturbation expansion at low energies has only limited applicability. Our ability to reliably compute effects of strong interaction is central to the interpretation of low-energy precision tests.This project is dedicated to hadronic and nuclear structure effects in the determination of the top left corner CKM matrix element Vud. These effects cannot be distinguished from BSM signals experimentally, and need to be subtracted from the results of the experimental analyses. This puts forth the requirement of controlling theoretical uncertainties.I am a widely recognized expert in the theory of electroweak box diagrams where I developed the dispersion relation framework that fulfills this requirement and is now considered the state-of-the-art. The innovative research proposed here builds upon this expertise and is enriched by the cooperation with experts on nuclear theory and radiative corrections. It will deliver crucial theoretical ingredients for constraining BSM with CKM unitarity, with a potential of a BSM discovery, and will open up new research avenues.