A task dynamic approach to prosodic strength relations (TARE)

韵律系统地影响元音和辅音的发音运动。在短语边界和重音下，舌头和下巴的运动可以证明更长和更大。这些结果表明，韵律不仅具有音调方面的特征，例如，语调轮廓，但显著塑造了大量的语音线索。使用韵律调制手势的概念，已经开始出现与发音的影响有关的动态建模方法。调制手势没有收缩目标，但影响收缩手势的元音和辅音的生产过程中相互激活的时间。虽然大多数使用调制手势的模型都集中在韵律边界对发音的影响上，但关于韵律突出的建模还有很多工作要做。该项目填补了这一空白，在开发一个动态模型的短语水平的突出效果的发音使用调制手势，基于实验研究。它的目的是提供一个充分的表征调制姿态的突出。虽然大多数关于韵律边界调制的研究假设时间修改，例如，已经发现，较慢的运动、对发音的连续性引起的影响是空间性的，例如，更大的运动。该项目解决的问题，是否空间的影响可以被描述为副产品的时间修改或是否构成一个单独的层面的韵律调制。此外，对语调的研究表明，一个短语内的多个连续性之间的关系起着重要作用。重要的语用意义并不局限于局部编码，而是分布在整个短语中。因此，该项目集中在一个短语中的多个元素之间的韵律强度关系和韵律调制的梯度建模。它使用耦合振荡的方法来描述分层组织的语言结构中的效果。动态建模方法不仅允许层次结构中的多个元素之间的相互作用，而且还捕获逐渐的修改。因此，它能够超越重音与非重音的二分法来模拟韵律效应。该项目的另一个目的是研究发音和音调因素的相互作用。它将集中在韵律调制如何影响喉上发音手势（辅音和元音）和音调手势（音高口音）在同一时间。

Prosody has been shown to affect the articulatory movements of vowels and consonants systematically. At phrase boundaries and under accentuation, longer and larger movements of the tongue and the jaw can be attested. These results indicate that prosody is not only characterized by tonal aspects, e.g., intonation contours, but significantly shaped by a multitude of phonetic cues. Dynamical modelling approaches concerned with the effects on articulation have started to emerge using the concept of prosodic modulation gestures. Modulation gestures do not have constriction targets but affect the constriction gestures for the production of vowels and consonants during the mutual time of activation. While most of the models using modulation gestures concentrate on the effects of prosodic boundaries on articulation, a lot of work remains to be done with regard to the modelling of prosodic prominence. The project fills this gap in developing a dynamical model of phrase-level prominence effects on articulation using modulation gestures, based on experimental investigations. It aims at providing an adequate characterization of modulation gestures for prominence. While most studies on modulations at prosodic boundaries assume temporal modifications, e.g., slower movements, prominence-induced effects on articulation have also been found to be spatial, e.g., larger movements. The project addresses the question as to whether the spatial effects can be described as by-products of temporal modifications or whether they constitute a separate dimension of prosodic modulation. Moreover, studies on intonation indicate that the relation between multiple prominences within one phrase plays a major role. Important pragmatic meanings are not exclusively encoded locally but seem to be distributed over the whole phrase. The project therefore concentrates on the modelling of prosodic strength relations between multiple elements in one phrase and the gradiency of prosodic modulations. It uses the approach of coupled oscillations to describe effects in hierarchically organized linguistic structures. The dynamical modelling approach does not only allow for the interaction between multiple elements in the hierarchy but also captures gradual modifications. In consequence, it is able to model prosodic effects beyond the dichotomy of accented vs. unaccented. A further aim of the project is to investigate the interplay of articulatory and tonal factors. It will focus on how prosodic modulations affect supra-laryngeal articulation gestures (for consonants and vowels) and tonal gestures (for pitch accents) at the same time.