Formation and storage of memory

记忆的形成和储存

• 批准号: 08279103
• 负责人: AIHARA Kazuyuki
• 金额: $ 97.41万
• 依托单位: The University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1996 至 1999
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-08279103/
• 关键词: High spatial resolution MEG; Short-term memory of 3D shape; Spatio temporal learning rule; Episodic memory; Hippocampus; Coincidence detector system; Dynamical cell assembly hypothesis; Spike statistics; 相対的位置識別; LTP; LTD; 意味記憶; 過渡的シンクロニー; 脳磁

Toyama : Simultaneous study of psychophysical and cortical responses recorded by high spatial resolution MEG revealed responses localized in V2/3 that paralleled with perception of contours in various stimulus conditions, and indicated that V2/3 is the primary site for perception of contour from motion.Sakata : l. We found in the anterior intraparietal (AIP) area, visually responsive neurons that discriminated 3D shape of object. Some of them showed sustained discharge during delay period, suggesting to represent immediate memory of 3D shape. 2. We found the surface-orientation-se1ective (SOS) neurons that respondedto the surface in the random-dot-stereogram suggesting to compute surface orientation from disparity gradient. 3. Axis orientation selective (AOS) neurons were sensitive to the orientation disparity and/or width disparity. 4. Relative position of the target of manipulation in the objects were also coded in AIP area.Tsukada : We showed that the spatial distribution and amplit … More ude of LTP is highly sensitive to the statistical correlation between successive inter-stimulus intervals. We proposed a spatio-temporal learning rule based on the experimental plastncity induced by various spatio-temporal pattern stimuli in hippocampal CA1 area. The spatio-temporal learning rule can modify the weight space in the network in the most effective way to discriminate different spatio-temporal patterns.Yamadori : We found neural basis for the maintenance of episodic memory and prospective memory using PET scan. Our clinical data stuggested the specific area for the retrieval of people's name or animate objects.Iijima : The entorhinal-hippocampal interactions were studied in cellular and circuit level with the optical recording methods with voltage-sensitive dyes. Exsistence of the reverberation circuit in the entorhinal cortex and its meaning was craimed. Further, the regulation on the information propagation in the system by amygdala inputs was suggested.Aihara : We found the following properties peculiar to neural networks composed of coincidence detector neurons : control of network functions by temporal input, ergodic encoding with spatio-temporal spikes and coincidence detection as a stochastic resonance phenomena with Poisson spike packets.Fujii : We have proposed the Dynamical Cell Assembly Hypothesis as the basic coding mechanism of the cerebral cortex, based on the coincidence detector nature of the pyramidal neurons. Based on the above hypothesis, the binding mechanism of fragmentary information represented in distant brain areas was also investigated. Shinomoto : We found that the standard neuro-spiking models are not able to account for the spiking data recorded from monkey prefrontal cortex. We also attempted to revise the neuro-spiking model so as to make it consistent with the biological data. Less

Toyama：同时研究高空间分辨率脑磁图记录的心理物理反应和皮层反应，发现在各种刺激条件下，V2/3的反应与轮廓感知平行，并表明V2/3是运动感知轮廓的主要部位。Sakata: 1 .我们发现在前顶叶内（AIP）区，有识别物体三维形状的视觉反应神经元。部分神经元在延迟期持续放电，提示其具有三维形状的即时记忆。2. 我们在随机点立体图中发现了对表面有响应的表面定向选择（SOS）神经元，这表明可以通过视差梯度来计算表面定向。3. 轴向选择（AOS）神经元对方向差异和宽度差异非常敏感。4. 在AIP区域对操作目标在对象中的相对位置进行编码。Tsukada：我们发现LTP的空间分布和振幅对连续刺激间隔的统计相关性高度敏感。我们提出了一种基于不同时空模式刺激诱导海马CA1区实验可塑性的时空学习规则。时空学习规则可以最有效地修改网络中的权重空间，从而区分不同的时空模式。Yamadori：我们通过PET扫描发现了情景记忆和前瞻记忆维持的神经基础。我们的临床数据表明，特定的区域用于检索人的名字或动画对象。Iijima：用电压敏感染料的光学记录方法在细胞和电路水平上研究了内嗅-海马的相互作用。探讨了内嗅皮层混响回路的存在及其意义。进一步提出了杏仁核输入对系统内信息传播的调控作用。Aihara：我们发现了由巧合检测器神经元组成的神经网络的以下特性：通过时间输入控制网络函数，具有时空尖峰的遍历编码以及作为泊松尖峰包的随机共振现象的巧合检测。藤井：基于锥体神经元的巧合检测器特性，我们提出了“动态细胞组装假说”作为大脑皮层的基本编码机制。基于上述假设，本文还探讨了脑远区片段信息的结合机制。筱本：我们发现标准的神经尖峰模型不能解释从猴子前额皮质记录的尖峰数据。我们还试图修改神经尖峰模型，使其与生物学数据一致。少

项目成果

M.Hasegawa, T.Ikeguchi and K. Aihara: "Combination of Chaotic Neurodynamics with the 2-opt Algorithm to Solve Traveling Salesman Problems" Physical Review Letters. 79(12). 2344-2347 (1997)

M.Hasekawa、T.Ikeguchi 和 K. Aihara：“混沌神经动力学与 2-opt 算法相结合解决旅行商问题”物理评论快报。

Y.Sakumura and K.Aihara: "A Neuronal Time Window for Coincidence Detection" Proceedings of 1997 International Symposium on Nonlinear Theory and its Applications. 2. 1161-1164 (1997)

Y.Sakumura 和 K.Aihara：“用于重合检测的神经元时间窗口”1997 年非线性理论及其应用国际研讨会论文集。

Sakata H: "The Association Cortex Structure and Function" Harwood Academic Publishers, 137-161 (1997)

Sakata H：“皮质结构与功能的关联”Harwood 学术出版社，137-161 (1997)

Hirono,N,Yamadori A.,et al.: "Tactile perceptual skill leaning and motor skill learning in Alzherimer's disease." Behavioural Neurology. 9. 11-16 (1996)

Hirono,N,Yamadori A.,et al.：“阿尔茨海默病的触觉感知技能学习和运动技能学习。”

藤井宏: "脳の符号化機構への新しいシナリオ動的細胞集成体仮説" 科学. 12月号. 880-888 (1996)

Hiroshi Fujii：“大脑编码机制的新场景动态细胞组装假说”《科学》12 月号（1996 年）。