Feasibility study to assess the ecotoxicological and toxicological impact on sediments as a result of the July 2021 flood in the transition from the low mountain range to the lowlands.

未来几十年，由于全球气候变化，极端洪水事件的数量和强度将会增加。在这里申请的可行性研究框架内，2021年7月莱茵兰-巴拉特纳州和北莱茵-威斯特伐利亚州发生的极端洪水对环境和人类的毒理危害将采用基于影响的方法(EBM)和化学分析相结合的方法进行研究。研究结果将与亚琛大学先前关于污染物负荷的沉积学研究结果以及最近批准的关于极端洪水对沉积物的无机污染物负荷的特别项目的沉积学和重金属分析相结合，以尽可能全面地了解2021年极端洪水的情况。确定进一步的研究问题并为未来的预防和行动建议奠定基础。从生态毒理(对环境)和人类毒理(对人类)的潜力来看，第一次有可能考虑在德国被归类为10000年一遇的洪水事件。事件发生后，立即在研究区和战略地点的大范围内采集了水、悬浮泥沙和沉积物样本，包括沉积在房屋中的污泥。该项目的目标是调查2021年7月的洪水事件是否代表了一场与污染沉积物和新污染物输入的再动员对生态和人类毒理学影响有关的“有毒洪水”。具体而言，确定了以下目标：(I)调查2021年7月极端洪水期间对生态和人体毒性有效的有机污染物的输入和动员；(Ii)调查2021年7月极端洪水对沉积物、悬浮沉积物和水样的生态毒理学和人类毒理学影响；(Iii)确定洪水引入的有机污染物，并确定(生态)毒理影响的驱动因素；(Iv)分析有机污染物传输的时空模式和(生态)毒理影响，并确定在这种极端事件期间污染物在整个集水区的传输过程的重要性；(V)就毒理学和沉积学以及水动力学结果之间的相互关系和相互作用得出初步结论

Extreme flood events will increase in quantity and intensity in the next decades as a consequence of global climate change. Within the framework of the feasibility study applied for here, the toxicological hazards for the environment and humans associated with the extreme flood in July 2021 in Rhineland-Palatinate and North Rhine-Westphalia will be examined using a combination of Effect-based Methods (EBMs) and chemical analyses.The findings will be put into context with the results on previous sedimentological studies on pollutant loading from RWTH Aachen University as well as the recently approved ad-hoc-project on inorganic pollutant loading of sediments by the extreme flood on sedimentology and heavy metal analysis, in order to obtain as comprehensive a picture as possible of the extreme flood 2021, to identify further research questions and to develop a basis for future recommendations for prevention and action.For the first time it is possible to consider an event classified as a 10,000-year flood in Germany with regard to its ecotoxicological (for the environment) and human toxicological (for humans) potential. Immediately after the event, water, suspended sediment, and sediment samples, including sludge deposited in houses, were taken over a wide area in the study area and at strategic locations.The goal of the project is to investigate whether the July 2021 flood event represents a "Toxic Flood" associated with eco- and human toxicological impacts due to remobilization of polluted- sediments and new pollutant inputs.In detail, the following goals are defined: (i) Investigation of the input and mobilization of eco- and human-toxicologically effective organic pollutants during the extreme flood in July 2021;(ii) Investigation of ecotoxicological and human toxicological effects on sediments, suspended sediments and water samples of the extreme flood in July 2021; (iii) Identification of organic pollutants introduced by the flood and identification of drivers of the (eco)toxicological effects;(iv) Analyzing the temporal and spatial patterns for the transport of the organic pollutants and the (eco)toxicological effects and determining the importance for the process understanding of the transport of the pollutants in the complete catchment area during such an extreme event;(v) Drawing first conclusions on correlations and interactions between toxicological and sedimentological as well as hydrodynamic results