New Technologies of DMFC

对液体酒精燃料电池进行了深入的研究。酒精比氢更适合作为燃料，因为我们更容易储存和运输。在本项目中，主要研究直接甲醇燃料电池（dmfc）和直接乙醇燃料电池，以支持开发其实际应用的努力。首先总结了阻碍dmfc实际应用的因素：(1)发电效率低，(2)功率密度低，(3)材料成本高，(4)便携应用太大，(5)甲醇的毒性。然后设计了解决问题的5种基本方法。它们是：(1)减少甲醇交叉；(2)开发高电流密度电极和高温电解质材料；(3)减少DMFC电极上铂的负载，以及开发新的不含贵金属的催化剂；(4)开发MEMS燃料电池的小型化；(5)研究直接乙醇燃料电池。通过本课题的研究，得到了以上5个问题的解决方案。(1)开发了一种新型膜即孔隙填充膜，其MEA在高浓度甲醇燃料（约10M）下具有较高的性能。(2)开发了一种新型多孔碳基DMFC，以减少甲醇交叉，即使在高甲醇浓度（高达17M）下，单电池也具有较高的I-V性能。(3)在可控的碳纳米管表面自组织合成了APt/SnOx催化剂。这种纳米结构有望减少dmfc中Pt的负载。(4)设计并制作了基于MEMS技术的新型微dmfc。该技术减少了DMFC中组件的数量，降低了组装成本并减小了它们的尺寸。(5)研究了直接乙醇燃料电池，研究了阳极反应中间产物乙醛的行为。在此分析中获得的知识有助于实现直接乙醇燃料电池（defc）。少

The fuel cells for liquid alcohol fuels are studied intensively. Alcohols are more suitable for fuels than hydrogen because we easily store and transport. In this project direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) and direct ethanol fuel cells are mainly investigated in order to support the efforts to develop their practical use. First the factors preventing the practical use of DMFCs are summarized as: (1) low efficiency for power generation, (2) low power density, (3) high material cost, (4) too large for portable applications, (5) toxicity of methanol. Then the basic 5 approaches were designed to solve the problems. They are : (1) reduction of the methanol cross over, (2) development of a high current density electrode and high temperature electrolyte materials, (3) reduction of the platinum loading on the DMFC electrodes, and development of new catalysis without containing precious metals, (4) development of MEMS fuel cells for miniaturization, (5) studying direct ethanol fuel cells.The fo … More llowing solutions for the 5 problems were obtained as the result of this project. (1) A new type of membrane namely the pore-filling membrane was developed, and its MEA gives high performance with high concentration methanol fuel (around 10M). (2) A novel DMFC with a porous carbon substrate was developed to reduce the methanol cross over, and the single cell showed a high I-V performance even at high methanol concentration (as high as 17M). (3) APt/SnOx catalyst was synthesized on a well controlled surface of carbon nano-tubes by self-organization. Such nano-structure is promising for the reduction of Pt loading in DMFCs. (4) Novel micro DMFCs based on MEMS technology were designed and fabricated. This technology reduces the number of the components in a DMFC and reduces the assembly cost as well as reduces their sizes. (5) A direct ethanol fuel cell is studied and the behavior of the acetaldehyde which is an intermediate product in the anode reaction was investigated. The knowledge obtained in this analysis contributes to the realization of direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs). Less