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Creation of Novel Ion Conducting Membrane by Nano-Micro Structural Control

通过纳米微结构控制创建新型离子导电膜

基本信息

批准号：
13134204
负责人：
KANAMURA Kiyoshi
金额：
$ 78.02万
依托单位：
Tokyo Metropolitan University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Novel proton conducting membranes composed of proton conducting polymers and porous matrices were prepared for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). As the matrix for the composite membrane, a three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) membrane with adequate mechanical strength was successfully obtained by use of silica or polyimide. Due to mechanical suppression of polymer expansion by the matrix, the composite membrane exhibited high dimensional stability. As a result, the methanol permeability less than a few tenths of that of Nafion【○!R】 membrane and high cell performance by feeding a desired high-concentrated methanol solution (10 mol dm-3) were successfully achieved for the first time ever. The components of the composite membrane were inexpensive, so that the production cost could be also decreased less than a few tenths of that of Nafion【○!R】 membrane. The filling state of the polymer electrolyte in the composite membrane was revealed by transmission electron microscope obser … More vation, which was conducted as a joint study with Group D01. Therefore, the relationship between the nano-structure of the composite membrane and the resulting properties became clear and the membrane properties could be improved. As another type of the electrolyte membrane, the 3DOM silica matrix filled with a novel room-temperature molten salt that was synthesized by Group C01, was evaluated. The obtained composite membrane worked stably over 100 h under dry and high-temperature condition, suggesting the realization of high temperature DMFC for electric vehicles.Researches for improving cell performance were also conducted. It was appeared that the quality between the membrane and a catalyst layer greatly influenced the cell performance by A.C. impedance measurement. As one of solutions, we performed a surface modification of the 3DOM silica by sulfonic acid groups, and the cell performance was successfully enhanced. Application of electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process to fabricate a catalyst layer onto the membrane was also studied as another method. The obtained catalyst layer by the EPD process was uniform and porous compared to that prepared by an ordinary method, i.e. a decal transfer process. This structure was favorable to gas diffusion, resulting in improvement of Pt utilization up to 76%. Accordingly, the MEA prepared by the EPD process exhibited higher cell performance with half amount of Pt loadings compared to the ordinary one. The latter process has been introduced all over the world by Electrochemical Society as Technical highlight and has attracted much attention. Less

制备了用于直接甲醇燃料电池（DMFC）的新型质子传导膜，该膜由质子传导聚合物和多孔基体组成。作为复合膜的基体，通过使用二氧化硅或聚酰亚胺成功地获得了具有足够机械强度的三维有序大孔（3DOM）膜。由于基质对聚合物膨胀的机械抑制，复合膜表现出高的尺寸稳定性。结果，甲醇渗透率小于Nafion[○！R]膜和通过进料所需的高浓度甲醇溶液（10 mol dm-3）的高电池性能首次成功实现。该复合膜的组分便宜，因此生产成本也可以降低不到Nafion的十分之几！R]膜。用透射电镜观察了聚合物电解质在复合膜中的填充状态 ...更多信息与D 01组进行联合研究。因此，复合膜的纳米结构与所得性能之间的关系变得清晰，并且可以改善膜的性能。作为另一种类型的电解质膜，评价了填充有由Group C 01合成的新型室温熔融盐的3DOM二氧化硅基质。该复合膜在干燥高温条件下稳定运行100 h以上，有望实现电动汽车用高温直接甲醇燃料电池，并对提高电池性能进行了研究。结果表明，膜和催化剂层之间的质量极大地影响了电池的性能。阻抗测量作为解决方案之一，我们通过磺酸基团对3DOM二氧化硅进行表面改性，并且成功地提高了电池性能。作为另一种方法，还研究了电泳沉积（EPD）工艺在膜上制备催化剂层的应用。与通过普通方法即贴花转印法制备的催化剂层相比，通过EPD法获得的催化剂层是均匀和多孔的。这种结构有利于气体的扩散，使Pt的利用率提高到76%。因此，与普通MEA相比，通过EPD工艺制备的MEA在Pt负载量为一半的情况下表现出更高的电池性能。后一种方法已被电化学学会作为技术亮点介绍到世界各地，引起了人们的广泛关注。少