Coupling Processes in the Equatorial Atmosphere

印度尼西亚群岛是全球强烈大气运动的中心之一。然而，由于该地区观测数据稀少，这些大气运动及其变化的机制尚不清楚。为从观测上阐明2001年9月至2007年3月赤道大气中的动力和电动力耦合过程，日本在印度尼西亚进行了一项为期六年的研究项目--赤道大气中的耦合过程。在CPEA的六年期间，以赤道大气雷达(EAR)为核心设施的新赤道大气观测站在印度尼西亚西苏门答腊岛的科托塔邦(0.20？？S，100.32？？E)建立。在这次演讲中，我们将回顾这个项目的一些亮点。首先，我们发现苏门答腊岛上的深对流在Madden-Julian涛动(MJO)的非活跃期出现，而在活跃期以浅对流为主，这与传统的预测相反。2-3天为周期的深对流与增强重力惯性波有明显的相关性，其波源为缓慢东向平流。第三，利用CHAMP-GPS观测到印尼和全球对流层顶附近的开尔文波周期为10-12天，平流层下部为5.5-8天。第四，提供了若干证据表明，对流层的长期变化影响了中层顶-同层顶区的动力学。最后，有人提出，高度在100公里附近的重力波有助于等离子体气泡的产生。

The Indonesian Archipelago is one of the centers of intense atmospheric motions over the globe. The mechanisms of these atmospheric motions and their changes, however, have not yet been made clear due to the sparseness of observational data in that region. The Coupling Processes in the Equatorial Atmosphere (CPEA), a six-year research project of Japan, was conducted in Indonesia to observationally elucidate dynamical and electrodynamical coupling processes occurring in the equatorial atmosphere from September 2001 to March 2007. During six years of CPEA, a new Equatorial Atmosphere Observatory was established with the Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR) as the core facility in Kototabang, West Sumatra, Indonesia (0.20??S, 100.32??E). In the present talk we will review some highlights from this project. First, it has been found, contrary to the traditional expectation, that deep convection over Sumatra Island is observed in inactive phase of Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), while shallow convection is dominant in active phase. Secondly, clear correlation between deep convection and enhanced inertia gravity waves with period 2-3days was found with their wave source identified as slowly eastward advecting convection. Thirdly, Kelvin waves with periods 10-12 days near the tropopause and 5.5-8 days in the lower stratosphere were detected locally overIndonesia and globally by CHAMP-GPS. Fourthly, several pieces of evidence have been provided to demonstrate that long-term variability in the troposphere influences the dynamics of the mesopause-homopause region. Finally, it has been suggested that gravity waves near 100 km in altitude contribute to generation of plasma bubbles.