Proposal for Novel Treatment Technologies and Management Systems of Laboratory Wastes

本研究的目的是评估“超临界水氧化”和“生化降解”等垃圾处理技术作为传统焙烧工艺处理大学实验室垃圾的可行性。本项目的外展工作总结如下：1.在东京大学柏和校区的SCWO设施的帮助下，进行了实验室废水处理。结果表明，含氯化合物等简单有机物的废水完全可以被破坏，不会产生二恶英和腐蚀问题。为现场处理实验室废水，设计了SCWO紧凑型反应器。实验证实，利用SCWO紧凑型反应器成功地分解了实验室废物中的主要化学物质。细胞色素P450产生菌…对危险有机物的降解能力细菌较多的是红球菌属。菌株EP1和高登氏菌Gordonia sp.对菌株EP4进行了研究。细菌P450有可能成为降解废水中有害有机物的潜在工具。采用聚乙烯醇(PVA)凝胶固定化二氯甲烷(DCM)降解菌Pd11，并将其用于生物反应器处理DCM。金属假单胞菌PD11的PVA凝胶固定化细胞被认为是去除实验室排水中DCM的一种潜在的生物修复候选。实验证实，氧化铁细菌MON-1菌株是一株高度抗汞的菌株，其汞挥发活性非常强。此外，还制作了电培养装置，使该菌株在少量的培养基上达到高浓度。这些结果表明，培养的细菌可以通过挥发和选择性地从汞污染的土壤和废水中回收汞，用于土壤净化或废水处理。较少

The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of such waste treatment technologies as "supercritical water oxidation (SCWO)" and "biochemical degradation", as an alternative method to conventional calcination process for the treatment of laboratory wastes in universities. The outreaches of this project are summarized as follows.1. Laboratory wastewater treatment was carried out with the aid of SCWO facility in Kashiwa Campus, The University of Tokyo. The results suggested that the wastewater that consists of simple organics including chlorinated compounds can be completely destructed without the problems of dioxine formation and corrosion.2. An SCWO compact sized reactor was designed for the purpose of on-site treatment of laboratory wastewater. It was experimentally confirmed that the major chemical species in laboratory wastes were successfully decomposed using the SCWO compact reactor.3. The degradation ability of hazardous organic chemicals by cytochrome P450-producing … More bacteria, Rhodococcus sp. strain EP1 and Gordonia sp. strain EP4, was investigated. A possibility exists that the bacterial P450s are potential tools in the degradation of hazardous organic chemicals in waste water. A dichloromethane (DCM)-degrading bacterium, Ralstonia metallidurans PD11, was immobilized in a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel to use in a bioreactor for DCM treatment. The PVA gel-immobilized cell of R. metallidurans PD11 is thought to be a prospective candidate for bioremediation to eliminate DCM from drainage water from research laboratories.4. It was experimentally confirmed that Iron-Oxidizing Bacterium, Asidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Strain MON-1 is a highly mercury-resistant strain and that its mercury volatilization activity is remarkably strong. Besides, an electrical cultivation device was made to get this strain into a high concentration in a small amount of culture medium. These results suggest that the cultured bacteria can be used for soil purification or wastewater treatment through volatilization and recovery of mercury selectively from mercury-polluted soil and wastewater. Less