Experiment and Theory of Resources in Quantum Technologies

量子信息科学的出现和随后量子技术的发展牢固地植根于人们对相干叠加、纠缠和熵等物理性质作为资源的新发现的欣赏。这些资源为量子技术提供了燃料，使它们能够实现超越经典物理强加的限制的效率。量子技术中资源的最佳利用既需要一个坚实的数学框架来严格描述、操纵和验证量子资源，也需要能够在实践中操纵它们的实验技术。在这些基础上，理论和实验可以共同设计和实现协议和设备，以提供优化的量子技术。为此，ExTRaQT将：i)发展状态、操作和动力学的资源理论的数学基础，并将它们专门应用于量子尺度的相干资源和热力学过程。这些资源理论中的关键过程将被确定为实现其实验实现的基础。ii)根据囚禁离子和生物分子系统实验平台的实际参数，从理论上设计并优化关键资源操纵过程和量子尺度热机的数值实验设计。iii)利用囚禁离子量子技术实现与经典和量子热浴接触的原子级量子热机，并从量子热力学的资源论角度分析其性能。设计并实现了一个开放量子系统与结构化库接触的量子模拟器，能够模拟生物分子系统的动力学。iv)观察生物分子系统中相干电子-振动量子输运动力学，评估相干动力学的作用，并从量子热机的角度分析这些动力学。这些系统的电子和振动结构将被量身定做，以实现对这些系统中热力学过程的控制。在ExTRaQT中，他们将首次形成一个整合的跨学科合作，以开发资源理论，将它们实验应用于增强量子技术以及研究生物系统中的量子动力学。

The emergence of quantum information science and the subsequent development of quantum technologies is firmly rooted in the newly found appreciation of physical properties such as coherent superposition, entanglement and entropy as resources. These resources provide the fuel for quantum technologies that enables them to achieve efficiencies beyond the limits imposed by classical physics. The optimal exploitation of resources in quantum technologies requires as a foundation both a firm mathematical framework for a rigorous characterisation, manipulation and verification of quantum resources and experimental technologies that can manipulate them in practice. Building on these foundations, jointly theory and experiment can then design and realise protocols and devices to deliver optimised quantum technologies.To this end, ExTRaQT will:i) Develop the mathematical foundations of resource theories for states, operations and dynamics and apply them specifically to the resources of coherence and to thermodynamic processes at the quantum scale. Key processes in these resource theories will be identified to use them as a basis on which to achieve their experimental realisation.ii) Design theoretically and optimise numerically experimental designs of key resource manipulation processes and quantum scale heat engines based on realistic parameters of the experimental platforms of trapped ions and of bio-molecular systems.iii) Use trapped ion quantum technologies to realise atomic scale quantum heat engines in contact with classical and quantum heat baths and analyse their performance in terms of the resource theory of quantum thermodynamics. Design and realise a quantum simulator for open quantum systems in contact with structured reservoirs capable of emulating dynamics of bio-molecular systems.iv) Observe coherent electron-vibrational quantum transport dynamics in bio-molecular systems, assess the role of coherent dynamics and analyse these dynamics in terms of quantum heat engines. Electronic and vibrational structure of those systems will be tailored to achieve control over thermodynamic processes in such systems.Individually, members of ExTRaQT have made fundamental contributions to all aspects of the project theme. In ExTRaQT, for the first time, they will form an integrated interdisciplinary collaboration to develop resource theories, apply them experimentally for enhanced quantum technologies as well as study of quantum dynamics in biological systems.