Recording the baseline before the change: First steps towards an integrated chemical and biological pollution and effects assessment off Dronning Maud Land

记录变化前的基线：对德隆宁莫德地进行综合化学和生物污染及影响评估的第一步

• 批准号: 502020590
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Gesine Witt
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Department Umwelttechnik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Infrastructure Priority Programmes
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/502020590?language=en
• 关键词: Recording; baseline; before; change; First

With rising global surface temperatures, an increasing number of semi-volatile pollutants emitted in lower latitudes of the southern hemisphere will evaporate and undergo an, in turn, prolonged atmospheric long-range transport. Thus, more persistent organic pollutants (POPs) will eventually deposit in the southern cold-trap - the Antarctic. At the same time, a warming ocean will accelerate the re-release of ice-sealed contaminants into the Southern ocean. Consequently, an increase in bioavailable anthropogenic pollution is a foreseeable perspective for Antarctica and its biota. However, in Dronning Maud land, this intensification of pollution stress and its biological implications will proceed somewhat unnoticed due to a lack of holistic, baseline investigations of pollutants and their impact. Therefore, in this project, we will perform an integrated pollution and risk assessment for Dronning Maud land and its biota, based on a three-month sampling campaign of the sea-ice of Atka Bay. Using innovative passive sampling techniques, we will investigate the current status of POP pollution in different environmental matrixes ranging from sea ice to (deceased) penguin tissue. Starting at the onset of the melt season and extending into austral summer, we will follow up on the release of pollutants from the ice into the seawater and their putative uptake into ice alga and further into kill feeding on them. By determining pollutant body burdens, we will assess pollutants bioaccumulation and further biomagnification in Antarctic key species. Furthermore, in evaluating this in a recurring sample collection, we will learn about the seasonality of POP pollution. As a significant counterpart to chemical analytics, we will complement the screening for POPs with a biological impact assessment. For this, we will investigate the biomarker response in krill to employing cellular and subcellular biomarkers of detoxification, oxidative stress, and regeneration. Again, the seasonal, stationary, sampling approach will enhance our knowledge of the variability of these physiological and potentially pathological responses. This will facilitate the interpretation of future sampling campaigns and forecast biomarker behavior. Involving other research stations in developing this concept, we aim to expand the current boundaries of pollution research and contribute to establishing future comprehensive and coordinated pollution and effect assessments in Antarctica.

随着全球地表温度的上升，在南半球低纬度地区排放的越来越多的半挥发性污染物将蒸发，并相应地经历长时间的大气远程输送。因此，更多的持久性有机污染物（POPs）最终将沉积在南部的冷阱——南极。与此同时，海洋变暖将加速冰封污染物重新释放到南大洋。因此，对南极洲及其生物群而言，生物可利用的人为污染的增加是一个可预见的前景。然而，在Dronning Maud地区，由于缺乏对污染物及其影响的全面基线调查，污染压力的加剧及其生物学影响将在某种程度上被忽视。因此，在这个项目中，我们将基于对Atka湾海冰为期三个月的采样活动，对Dronning Maud陆地及其生物区系进行综合污染和风险评估。利用创新的被动采样技术，我们将调查从海冰到（死亡的）企鹅组织等不同环境基质中POP污染的现状。从融冰季节开始，一直延续到南方的夏季，我们将追踪从冰中释放污染物到海水中的情况，以及它们被冰藻吸收的情况，并进一步研究以冰藻为食的生物的情况。通过确定污染物体负担，我们将评估污染物在南极主要物种中的生物积累和进一步的生物放大。此外，在对反复收集的样本进行评估时，我们将了解POP污染的季节性。作为化学分析的重要对应物，我们将以生物影响评估作为持久性有机污染物筛选的补充。为此，我们将研究磷虾对解毒、氧化应激和再生的细胞和亚细胞生物标志物的生物标志物反应。同样，季节性的、平稳的、抽样的方法将增强我们对这些生理和潜在病理反应的可变性的认识。这将有助于解释未来的采样活动和预测生物标志物的行为。让其他研究站参与发展这一概念，我们的目标是扩大目前污染研究的范围，并为今后在南极洲建立全面和协调的污染和影响评估作出贡献。