Dynamics of Volcanic Explosion

火山爆发动力学

基本信息

批准号：
14080101
负责人：
IDA Yoshiaki
金额：
$ 31.1万
依托单位：
University of Hyogo (2004-2006)Himeji Institute of Technology (2002-2003)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14080101/
关键词：
volcano solid earth geophysics observation and forecasting of nature Earth's crust and mantle disaster prevention natural disaster simulation engineering fluid dynamics 流体

项目摘要

This project aims at better understanding of fundamental processes and mechanisms of volcanic explosions with some contribution to volcanic hazard mitigation. The "Mobile Observatory for Volcanic Explosions" that can be moved and operated for observations, sampling and device installation in the vicinity of volcanic craters with a remote control has been developed for detailed studies of volcanic eruptions. New data sets of broad-band seismograms and air-wave records obtained at some volcanoes involving frequent small explosions have revealed the presence of characteristic inflation and deflation prior to each explosion as a common physical process. Theoretical and experimental studies on volcanic materials have specified the factors that may control degassing and fragmentation of ascending magma. Computer simulations about magma ascent processes have clarified the conditions that may determine explosiveness of eruptions and have shown that the explosiveness can be predicted by accelerated inflation. A three-dimensional simulation scheme of effusing gassy flow mixed with magma fragments has been developed to describe volcanic plumes and pyroclastic flows. Scaling of explosions and simulation of explosive air flow also provide useful methods to evaluate influences of volcanic explosions.Compiling our research outcomes and some other knowledge, a database, which is useful for a systematic understanding of volcanic explosions, has been constructed. This database and some computer programs developed in this project can be basic tools in simulating the entire eruptive processes and evaluating possible volcanic hazards. A web server also has been developed for prompt decisions to derive from efficient discussions at volcanic crises. Some lectures about volcanic explosions for the public were given with some demonstration of our studies. A textbook that may explain our research results to the general people will be published.

该项目旨在更好地理解火山爆炸的基本过程和机制，并为减轻火山危害做出贡献。可以移动和操作的“火山爆炸的移动观测站”，用于观察，采样和设备在具有远程控制的火山坑附近的采样和设备安装，以详细研究火山喷发。在涉及频繁的小型爆炸的某些火山中获得的广泛地震图和空波记录的新数据集揭示了在每次爆炸之前的特征性通货膨胀和通气，这是一个常见的物理过程。关于火山材料的理论和实验研究已经指定了可能控制上升岩浆的脱气和碎片的因素。关于岩浆上升过程的计算机模拟已经阐明了可能决定喷发爆炸性的条件，并表明可以通过加速通货膨胀来预测爆炸性。已经开发了一种与岩浆碎片混合的液压流动的三维模拟方案，以描述火山羽流和火山碎屑流。爆炸的缩放和爆炸性气流的模拟还提供了评估火山爆炸影响的有用方法。构建了我们的研究成果和一些其他知识，一个数据库，对于对火山爆炸的系统理解而言，这是有用的。该项目中开发的数据库和一些计算机程序可以是模拟整个喷发过程并评估可能的火山危害的基本工具。还已经开发了Web服务器，以及时决策，以从火山危机的有效讨论中得出。我们的研究表明了一些关于公众火山爆炸的讲座。一本教科书可以向普通人解释我们的研究结果。