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Dynamics of Volcanic Explosion

火山爆发动力学

基本信息

批准号：
14080101
负责人：
IDA Yoshiaki
金额：
$ 31.1万
依托单位：
University of Hyogo (2004-2006)Himeji Institute of Technology (2002-2003)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14080101/
关键词：
volcano solid earth geophysics observation and forecasting of nature Earth's crust and mantle disaster prevention natural disaster simulation engineering fluid dynamics 流体

项目摘要

This project aims at better understanding of fundamental processes and mechanisms of volcanic explosions with some contribution to volcanic hazard mitigation. The "Mobile Observatory for Volcanic Explosions" that can be moved and operated for observations, sampling and device installation in the vicinity of volcanic craters with a remote control has been developed for detailed studies of volcanic eruptions. New data sets of broad-band seismograms and air-wave records obtained at some volcanoes involving frequent small explosions have revealed the presence of characteristic inflation and deflation prior to each explosion as a common physical process. Theoretical and experimental studies on volcanic materials have specified the factors that may control degassing and fragmentation of ascending magma. Computer simulations about magma ascent processes have clarified the conditions that may determine explosiveness of eruptions and have shown that the explosiveness can be predicted by accelerated inflation. A three-dimensional simulation scheme of effusing gassy flow mixed with magma fragments has been developed to describe volcanic plumes and pyroclastic flows. Scaling of explosions and simulation of explosive air flow also provide useful methods to evaluate influences of volcanic explosions.Compiling our research outcomes and some other knowledge, a database, which is useful for a systematic understanding of volcanic explosions, has been constructed. This database and some computer programs developed in this project can be basic tools in simulating the entire eruptive processes and evaluating possible volcanic hazards. A web server also has been developed for prompt decisions to derive from efficient discussions at volcanic crises. Some lectures about volcanic explosions for the public were given with some demonstration of our studies. A textbook that may explain our research results to the general people will be published.

该项目旨在更好地了解火山爆发的基本过程和机制，为减轻火山灾害作出一些贡献。为详细研究火山爆发，开发了“移动的火山爆发观测站”，可移动和操作，在火山口附近进行观测、取样和装置安装，并配有遥控器。在一些经常发生小规模爆炸的火山上获得的宽频带地震图和空气波记录的新数据集表明，在每次爆炸之前，存在着特有的膨胀和收缩，这是一个共同的物理过程。对火山物质的理论和实验研究明确了控制岩浆上升过程中脱气和碎裂的因素。关于岩浆上升过程的计算机模拟已经阐明了可能决定喷发爆发性的条件，并表明可以通过加速膨胀来预测爆发性。本文提出了一个描述火山柱和火山碎屑流的三维模拟方案。火山爆发的尺度化和爆炸气流的模拟也为火山爆发的影响评价提供了有效的方法。综合我们的研究成果和其他一些知识，我们建立了一个数据库，这对系统地了解火山爆发是有用的。该数据库和本项目开发的一些计算机程序可以作为模拟整个火山喷发过程和评估可能的火山灾害的基本工具。还开发了一个网络服务器，以便在火山危机时通过有效讨论迅速作出决定。为公众举办了一些关于火山爆发的讲座，并展示了我们的研究成果。将出版一本可以向普通人解释我们的研究结果的教科书。