Home Production and Structural Transformation

当经济体发展并变得更加富裕时，它们通常会经历大规模的经济资源部门再分配，如就业、附加值和支出。这些重新分配已被证明导致农业部门相对规模的长期下降，制造业的驼峰形演变和服务业的逐步扩张。这种部门再配置的过程通常被称为结构转型。最近，越来越多的文献投入了大量的精力来调查结构转型的原因及其对个人和总体水平的经济结果的影响。然而，这些文献一般是从个人在家自用的消费中抽取的。这种所谓的国内生产已被证明是一项相当大的经济活动，它可能对结构转型很重要的原因是，国内生产的服务通常可以与市场生产的服务紧密替代。此外，有人认为，在过去几十年中，家庭工作的机会成本不断上升，促使工业化国家的家庭逐渐用市场提供的服务取代其家庭提供的服务，这是一个称为市场化的过程。这个项目的主要目标是从经验和数量上调查结构改革的驱动力，并评估国内生产和市场化在部门分配过程中的作用。分析的一个具体目标是显示对家庭内部决策建立模型的重要性，以了解有关结构转变的数据以及家庭和市场部门之间生产分配的数据。另一个目标是探索结构转型对家庭层面结果的反馈效应，如家庭组建、生育和家庭成员之间的家务分配。

When economies develop and grow richer, they typically undergo large scale sectoral reallocations of economic resources such as employment, value added, and expenditures. These reallocations have been shown to lead to a secular decline in the relative size of the agriculture sector, a hump-shaped evolution of manufacturing and a gradual expansion of the service sector. This process of sectoral reallocation is commonly referred to as structural transformation. A recent and growing literature has devoted significant efforts to investigating the causes of structural transformation and its consequences for economic outcomes at the individual and the aggregate level. However, this literature generally abstracts from the consumption produced by individuals at home for own use. This so-called home production has been shown to constitute a sizable economic activity and the reason why it may matter for structural transformation is because the services produced at home generally are closely substitutable with market-produced services. Moreover, it has been argued that that rising opportunity costs of home work during the last decades have induced households in industrialized countries to gradually replace their home-produced services by market-produced services, which is a process called marketization. The main objective of this project is to investigate empirically and quantitatively the driving forces of structural transformation and to assess the role of home production and marketization for the process of sectoral allocations. A specific goal of the analysis is to show the importance of modelling intra-household decision making for understanding the data on structural transformation and the allocation of production between home and market sectors. Another goal is to explore the feedback effect of structural transformation on household-level outcomes such as family formation, child bearing and the allocation of home work among household members.