Practices of referring to persons: Uses of pronouns in oncological medical interactions

该项目是“指代人称的实践：人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的使用”研究单位的一部分。该项目的目的是分析人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的情境用法，基于肿瘤医学互动语料库，其中癌症患者被告知他们的诊断和建议的治疗方法。运用会话分析和互动语言学的方法和概念，该项目计划展示如何使用代词来构成参与者角色，如何管理自我和他人修复，如何使用代理化和去代理化策略以及如何标记立场。同时，这些代词在这些肿瘤相互作用的典型行动的背景下的作用将被重建。因此，代词的典型用法和异常用法将被发现。为了达到这一目的，语料库将根据澄清和掩盖指称和代理的言语策略进行注释（这涉及人称代词，不定代词，不定式结构，存在结构，被动结构，公式化表达，如let 's say等等）。这种广泛的注释为进一步分析指称代词的实践提供了背景。将讨论以下问题：(1)关于人的指称的歧义和模糊在哪个顺序位置发生，它们与能动性的程度有什么关系？这些歧义具有哪些交互功能和后果？例如，它们何时以及如何导致修复序列，积极的理解主题化和采取明确立场的要求？(2)医生和病人家属如何谈论在三合星座的病人？使用哪些形式的横向地址？(3)个人的、不确定的和指示的以何种方式和顺序位置与所进行的活动相关联？(4)不同的代词有哪些互动功能？什么时候使用人称代词，什么时候使用不定代词，什么时候使用指示代词来指代在场和缺席的人？(5)代词对情境参与者星座的局部构成、对互动者之间的社会团队建设的指示、对协作应对的展示、对共同情境的包容或排除、对义务或认知权威的标记有何贡献？(6)哪些含有代词的沉淀模式被用作哪些动作的交际资源？

The project is part of the Research Unit “Practices of referring to persons: personal, indefinite and demonstrative pronouns in use”. The aim of this project is to analyze the situative use of personal, indefinite and demonstrative pronouns, based on a corpus of oncological medical interactions where cancer patients are told their diagnosis and proposed therapy. Applying methods and concepts of Conversation Analysis and Interactional Linguistics, the project plans to show how pronouns are used to constitute participant roles, how self- and other-repair is managed, how strategies of agentivation and de-agentivation are employed and how stances are marked. At the same time, the role of these pronouns in the context of typical actions within these oncological interactions will be reconstructed. Hereby, prototypical and as well as deviant uses of pronouns will be detected. To achieve this aim, the corpus will be annotated in terms of verbal strategies of clarifying and masking of reference and agentivity (this concerns personal pronouns, indefinite pronouns, infinitive constructions, existential construc¬tions, passive constructions, formulaic expressions such as let’s say and many more). This broad annotation provides the background for further analyzes of referential practices to persons with pronouns. The following questions will be addressed: (1) At which sequential positions do ambiguities and vaguenesses concerning reference to persons occur and how do they relate to degrees of agentivity? Which interactional functions and consequences do these ambiguities have? When and how, for example, do they lead to repair sequences, active thematizations of understanding and demand of taking a clear stance? (2) How do doctors and patients’ relatives talk about present patients in triadic constellations? Which forms of lateral address are used? (3) In what ways and in which sequential positions do personal, indefinite and demonstrative correlate with the activities carried out? (4) Which interactional functions do the different pronouns have? When do interactants use personal pronouns, when indefinite pronouns and when demonstrative pronouns to refer to present and absent persons? (5) How do pronouns contribute to the local constitution of the situative participant constellation, to the indication of social team building between the interactants, to the display of collaborative coping, to the inclusion or exclusion of the common situation or the marking of deontic or epistemic authorities? (6) Which sedimented patterns containing pronouns are used as communicative resources for which actions?