Normativity and Transformation in Immanuel Kant’s Legal Philosophy

本项目的重点是康德法律的哲学中的规范性和转化：它将通过一系列的类比，将康德《权利学说》中的权利原则与其历史哲学中呈现的动态发展进行对抗。其目的是了解康德如何将法律的规范性视为国家和制度的变革。为了帮助这一分析，该项目将调查康德的中心政治类比的国家作为一个有机体，建立一个公民的条件作为一个合同和国家之间的关系作为一种自然状态。虽然康德基本上把理性理解为非历史的，但他关于历史的著作表明，他对人类倾向在整个历史中的目的论发展有一个复杂的描述。这种阅读挑战了康德提出的法律的规范性的静态理想的共同观点。尽管康德的法律的哲学和他关于历史的著作来自同一时期，但学者们很少将这些文本放在一起分析;这样做可以让我们将康德的法律的规范性理解为一种变革性的力量。（一）结合康德的历史学和人类学著作，全面阐释转型在康德法律的哲学实现过程中的作用，论证康德如何考虑了自然和现有的制度安排在实现规范性原则中的作用。为了支持这一分析，该项目将（2）通过对康德的国家类比的系统分析来进行这一解释，（3）调查性别对康德对积极和消极公民身份的动态理解的重要性，（4）批判性地调查康德对永久和平和国际关系的解释与他对人类及其不同倾向的解释之间的关系。

This project focuses on normativity and transformation in Kant’s legal philosophy: It will confront the principles of right in Kant’s Doctrine of Right with the dynamic development presented in his philosophy of history through a series of analogies. It aims is to understand how Kant conceives legal normativity as transforming states and institutions. To assist this analysis, the project will survey Kant’s central political analogies of the state as an organism, the establishment of a civil condition as a contract and the relationship among states as a state of nature. Although Kant primarily understands reason as ahistorical, his writings on history reveal that he had a sophisticated account of the teleological development of human predispositions throughout history. This reading challenges the common view that Kant’s presents a static ideal of legal normativity. Even though Kant’s legal philosophy and his writings on history stem from the same period, scholars have rarely analyzed these texts together; doing so allows us to understand Kantian legal normativity as a transformative force.This project will: (1) comprehensively interpret the role of transformation in the realization of Kant’s legal philosophy by incorporating Kant’s writings on history and anthropology to demonstrate the ways in which Kant considers the role of Nature and existing institutional arrangements in the realization of normative principles. To support this analysis, the project will (2) pursue this account through a systematic analysis of Kant’s analogies of the state, (3) investigate the importance of gender for Kant's dynamic understanding of active and passive citizenship and (4) critically survey the way in which Kant's account of perpetual peace and international relations relates to his account of human races and their different predispositions.