Holocene landscape evolution in the environs of the ancient Egyptian city of Bubastis ('Tell Basta'), southeastern Nile Delta

尼罗河三角洲东南部古埃及城市布巴斯蒂斯（“告诉巴斯塔”）周围的全新世景观演变

• 批准号: 507687060
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Julia Meister
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Geographie und Geologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/507687060?language=en
• 关键词: Holocene; landscape; evolution; environs; ancient

The reconstruction of the Holocene landscape evolution plays a central role in the study of human-environment relationships in the Nile Delta of ancient Egypt, as ancient settlement activity was strongly influenced by the dynamics of the ancient river network. Especially for inner-Egyptian traffic and trade, as well as for agriculture, the course of large Nile arms was of such importance that larger ancient Egyptian cities can only be found in their immediate vicinity. In addition, settlements were often built on the embankments of larger Nile arms or Pleistocene sand hills ("Geziras") to protect them from seasonal Nile floods.The ancient city of Bubastis was continuously inhabited from the end of the fourth millennium BC until Roman times, making it the only urban center in the delta that was continuously settled over a period of several millennia. Its outstanding strategic and supra-regional importance is attributed to its good transport and trade connections, which was probably characterized by its close proximity to the Pelusiac and the Tanitic branch of the Nile. While the history of human occupation of this key archaeological site is well studied, it is still unclear how the river network in the hinterland of Bubastis developed, what environmental conditions prevailed during the settlement period, and what influence these had on landscape use and design, urban development, and settlement processes in Bubastis. The aim of the proposed research project is therefore to investigate the hydro-geomorphological setting of Bubastis, the Holocene landscape changes in its environs, and the land use activities of its inhabitants. By studying Bubastis at different spatial scales, i.e., (i) the temple areas, (ii) the settlement areas, (iii) the urban hinterland, and integrating traditional and modern geoarchaeological methods at selected representative sites, the project will for the first time systematically investigate the natural setting of the city. The resulting paleoenvironmental reconstruction provides an important basis for discussing the environmental context in which the ancient city of Bubastis was founded and developed, so that possible relationships between landscape and urban development can be identified and contribute to a better understanding of human-environment interactions in ancient Egypt.

全新世景观演化的重建在古埃及尼罗河三角洲人类与环境关系的研究中起着核心作用，因为古代定居活动受到古河网动态的强烈影响。特别是对于埃及内部的交通和贸易，以及农业，大型尼罗河武器的路线是如此重要，以至于更大的古埃及城市只能在其附近找到。此外，定居点通常建在较大的尼罗河支流或更新世沙丘（“Geziras”）的堤岸上，以保护他们免受季节性尼罗河洪水的影响。从公元前四千年到罗马时代，布巴斯提斯古城一直有人居住，这使它成为三角洲唯一一个在几千年的时间里一直有人居住的城市中心。其突出的战略和超区域重要性归因于其良好的运输和贸易联系，其特点可能是靠近佩鲁西亚克和尼罗河的坦尼提斯支流。虽然人类对这一重要考古遗址的占领历史已经得到了很好的研究，但人们仍然不清楚布巴斯提斯腹地的河网是如何发展的，在定居时期存在什么样的环境条件，以及这些条件对布巴斯提斯的景观利用和设计、城市发展和定居过程产生了什么影响。因此，该研究项目的目的是调查Bubastis的水文地貌环境，其周围全新世的景观变化，以及居民的土地利用活动。通过在不同的空间尺度上研究Bubastis，即(i)寺庙区，（ii）聚落区，（iii）城市腹地，并在选定的代表性遗址中整合传统和现代地质考古方法，该项目将首次系统地调查城市的自然环境。由此产生的古环境重建为探讨古埃及城市Bubastis建立和发展的环境背景提供了重要的基础，从而可以识别景观与城市发展之间可能的关系，并有助于更好地理解古埃及人与环境的相互作用。