Changing Dynamics of State-Society Relations and Transformations of Party Systems : A Comparative Analysis of Post-neoliberal Latin America

在后新自由主义时代的拉丁美洲，政党制度在一些国家更加不稳定，而在另一些国家则变得稳定。开始新自由主义改革的不同时机造成了这种差异。在稳定的情况下，新自由主义改革是在向民主过渡之前实施的，批评新自由主义改革的左翼势力作为向民主过渡的动力之一扩大了他们在政治舞台上的存在，成为民主化后政党制度的支持之一。另一方面，在不稳定的情况下，政党政治是过渡到民主或传统的两党体制后新自由主义改革的支柱。当这些改革发展到一定程度时，当对新自由主义的批评得到更广泛的支持时，在政党制度中就没有左翼政党能够吸引反对新自由主义的人。

In the post-neoliberal Latin America, while in some countries the party system has been more unstable, in others it has become stable. The different timing of starting neoliberal reforms made this difference. In the stabilizing cases, neoliberal reforms were put in practice before the transition to democracy, and the left forces, critical of neoliberal reforms, expanded their presence in political arena as part of the driving forces for the transition to democracy, becoming one of the supports of the party system after the democratization. On the other hand, in destabilizing cases, party politics were the mainstay of neoliberal reforms after transition to democracy or in a traditional bipartisan system. Once these reforms reached certain level of advance and when the criticism against the neoliberalism gained more popular support, in the party system there existed no leftist parties which could have attracted those opposed to neoliberalism.