Changing Dynamics of State-Society Relations and Transformations of Party Systems : A Comparative Analysis of Post-neoliberal Latin America

在后新自由主义的拉丁美洲，虽然在一些国家，政党制度更加不稳定，但在另一些国家，它已经变得稳定。新自由主义改革开始的不同时机造成了这种差异。在稳定型案例中，新自由主义改革在向民主过渡之前就已开始实施，左翼势力对新自由主义改革持批判态度，并作为向民主过渡的推动力量之一扩大了在政治竞技场的存在，成为民主化后政党制度的支撑力量之一。另一方面，在不稳定的情况下，政党政治是向民主过渡后或传统两党制中新自由主义改革的支柱。一旦这些改革达到一定程度，当对新自由主义的批评获得更多的民众支持时，在政党系统中就不存在能够吸引那些反对新自由主义的左翼政党了。

In the post-neoliberal Latin America, while in some countries the party system has been more unstable, in others it has become stable. The different timing of starting neoliberal reforms made this difference. In the stabilizing cases, neoliberal reforms were put in practice before the transition to democracy, and the left forces, critical of neoliberal reforms, expanded their presence in political arena as part of the driving forces for the transition to democracy, becoming one of the supports of the party system after the democratization. On the other hand, in destabilizing cases, party politics were the mainstay of neoliberal reforms after transition to democracy or in a traditional bipartisan system. Once these reforms reached certain level of advance and when the criticism against the neoliberalism gained more popular support, in the party system there existed no leftist parties which could have attracted those opposed to neoliberalism.