Interdisciplinary Research and Study on the Social Dynamics in Contemporary Peru: In Search of Frameworks for Comparative Studies

这个研究项目主要集中在秘鲁，旨在通过结合政治、经济、社会、历史和文化方法，从历史和结构的角度对社会变化的动态进行综合和跨学科的分析。在分析的基础上，还尝试为安第斯国家玻利维亚、哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔、秘鲁和委内瑞拉的比较分析制定框架。具体而言，该项目的成员对秘鲁的以下主题和问题进行了实地调查和研究。(a)政治主题和问题：一般政治社会变化的动力、政治文化的连续性和变化、权力下放及其影响、政治参与过程的动力。(b)经济主题和问题：宏观经济变化的动态、经济结构的历史变化、微观经济结构、金融制度和经济发展。(c)社会和文化主题和问题……其他用途：社会分层结构的连续性和变化、族裔间关系的动态变化和族裔社会的转变。该项目还对玻利维亚、哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔和委内瑞拉进行了一些初步研究，以便审查以秘鲁案例为基础进行比较研究的框架的有效性。在这些框架中，包括了该地区自19世纪初独立以来一直存在的一些历史和结构特征。这些特征是：经济基础脆弱，主要依赖初级产品的出口和自然资源的开发；富人和穷人之间的巨大差距，对多民族和多元文化的情况几乎没有共同的意识；而不是巩固的民主。在初步的比较研究中，我们确定了在以下几个方面将开展富有成效的比较研究。1)政治问题：民主治理、政党制度和政党之间的关系、社会运动的形式、政治文化和权力下放。2)经济问题：经济结构、企业形式、政企关系、发展与贫困；3)社会文化问题：民族社会转型、民族间关系与“他者”意识、社会分层结构的延续与变化。少

This research-study project focused primarily on Peru, and aimed at making from historical and structural perspectives an integral and interdisciplinary analysis on the dynamics of social changes by combining political, economical, social, historical and cultural approaches. On the basis of the analysis, it also tried making frameworks for the comparative analysis of the Andean countries, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. Concretely the members of this project realized field researches and studies about the following themes and issues of Peru.(a) political themes and issues: dynamics of the changes of political society in general, continuity and change of political culture, decentralization and its effects, and dynamics of political participation process.(b) economic themes and issues: dynamics of macroeconomic changes, historical changes of economic structures, microeconomic structures, and financial systems and economic development.(c) social and cultural themes and iss … More ues: continuity and changes of social stratification structure, dynamics of interethnic relations, and transformations of ethnic society.The project also made some tentative studies about Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela, in order to examine the validity of the frameworks for comparative studies based on the Peruvian cases. In these frameworks some historic and structural characters of the region persisting since their independence in early 19th century, were included. These characters are: fragile economic bases depending largely on the export of primary products and the development of natural resources; a huge disparity between haves and have-nots, barely shared consciousness about multiethnic and multicultural situations; and not consolidated democracy. In making the tentative comparative studies, we have confirmed that fruitful comparative studies will be developed in the following issues. 1) political issues: democratic governance, party systems and relations between parties, forms of social movements, political culture, and decentralization. 2) economic issues: economic structures, forms of corporations, relations between the government and enterprises, and development and poverty 3) social and cultural issues: transformations of ethnic society, interethnic relations and the consciousness of "Others', continuity and changes of social stratification structure. Less