Livelihood Transition and Sustainable Humanosphere of Rural Southeast Asia

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This study focused on changes in livelihood of rural Southeast Asia during the last several decades and tried to identify sustainable humanosphere there. The case studies were carried out at the mountainous and lowland areas in Southeast Asia. The major conclusions are 1) rural livelihood in Southeast Asia are affected by both rapidly-changing governance and market and comparatively stable social and family networks; 2) the major driver of change is the connection between rural livelihood and global governance and market; 3) the major strategy of rural people to establish sustainable humanosphere is livelihood diversification at the household and community levels; 4) people confront higher risks when they simplify livelihood and/or change the whole set of livelihood. These suggest that identifying the structure of livelihood and examining possibility and risks accompanied by livelihood transition are the major research agenda of sustainable humanosphere studies at the regional level.