Transnational Comparison of Ecological Resource Management by Constructing Integrated Database on Livelihood and Environment in Mainland Southeast Asia

本研究项目的主要目标如下。1)建立东南亚大陆生计与环境的跨国数据库；2)考察不同地区生计制度和资源利用的变化过程；3)从经济、制度和文化背景的角度对其变化过程进行比较研究。生计与环境跨国数据库包括越南92本统计图书中的158条表记录和9814条图像记录，柬埔寨20本统计图书中的308条表记录，老挝22本统计图书中的2874条表记录，泰国15本统计图书中的73条表记录，缅甸13本统计图书中的471条表记录和1505条图像记录。它总共包括从163本统计书籍中收集的3884条表记录和11319条图像记录。利用该数据库，我们分析了泰国农业生产力的变化、越南和缅甸土地利用的变化、泰国聚落分布的变化等相关主题。我们还制作了几张覆盖整个东南亚大陆的专题地图。这些因素包括人口密度、水稻产量、种植模式和粮食平衡。主要结论是，虽然人口增长是第二次世界大战以来东南亚大陆资源利用和农业生产力等生计制度变化的共同因素，但社会基础设施和市场、政府政策和行政、经济和市场制度发展的不同条件，在区域内形成了不同的变化过程模式。

The major objectives of this research project are as follows.1)To develop a transnational database of livelihood and environment of Mainland Southeast Asia,2)To examine the changing process of livelihood systems and resources use at different areas, and3)To carry out a comparative study of the changing process from the viewpoints of their economic, institutional and cultural contexts.The transnational database of livelihood and environment includes 158 table records and 9814 image records of Vietnam collected from 92 statistical books, 308 table records of Cambodia collected from 20 statistical books, 2874 table records of Laos collected from 22 statistical books, 73 table records of Thailand collected from 15 statistical books, and 471 table records and 1505 image records of Myanmar collected from 13 statistical books. In total, it includes 3884 table records and 11319 image records collected from 163 statistical books.Using this database, we analyzed changes in agricultural productivity of Thailand, Changes in land use in Vietnam and Myanmar, changes in settlement distribution in Thailand and other relevant topics. We also produced several thematic maps covering the whole Mainland Southeast Asia. These include population density, rice production, cropping patterns and food balance.The major conclusion is that, though the population growth has been the common factor of changes in livelihood systems including resources use and agricultural productivity since the World War II in Mainland Southeast Asia, different conditions of the development of social infrastructure and market, government policies and administration, and economic and market systems formulate diverse patterns of changing process within the region.