Comprehensive Analysis of the System for the Enforcement of Consumers'Collective Interests of with a View to Realize Fairness in Transactions in the Market

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This project tackled with the appropriate mechanisms to resolve disputes and obtain redress for consumers'interests harmed by business entities, when the harmed interest of each onsumer was too fragmented and small for he/she to take action individually, but the accumulated harm was large and important enough for the society to take some measures. Interdisciplinary groups of legal scholars in the wide fields of substantive law as well as those in procedural law participated in the project.The results of the project may be summarized as follows. First, within the collective interests of consumers, three categories could be identified:i.e.,"combined interests","diffused interests" and "social interests". Second, appropriate measures were discussed in accordance with the types of the interests at issue, taking into account that each type differs in the extent to which the interests of consumers as an individual on one hand, and those of the public on the other, should be protected.