Modular system for measuring carbon and nitrogen concentrations and isotopes

用于测量碳氮浓度和同位素的模块化系统

• 批准号: 508402573
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Major Research Instrumentation
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2022-12-31 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/508402573?language=en
• 关键词: Modular; system; measuring; carbon; nitrogen

In order to conduct pioneering research related to the effects of land use and climate change on different temporal and spatial scales, an IRMS system for measuring carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in soils, sediments, organic samples and water is required. Thanks to their modular design, new systems in element analysis allow both the measurement of C and N concentrations and the measurement of the respective stable isotopes. (1) C and N concentrations in soils and sediments are indicators for the presence of organic matter. This can provide information on, e.g., soil degradation due to agriculture, eroded topsoil material, if organic material has been washed into lake sediments, or organic residues in a settlement area that can indicate anthropogenic activities. Knowledge of the C content is also the base for further analysis, e.g. biomarker analysis. (2) In geoarchaeology and archaeobotany, the measurement of stable N-isotopes in plant residues indicates the use of organic (green or manure) fertilizer, since locally N-isotope ratios are rather influenced by soil management than by climate. Occurring major research gaps could be closed by the proposed interdisciplinary projects. In paleoecology, the measurement of stable C and N isotopes is important to gain insight into the climate and vegetation history. Examples of applications are the analyses of the proportion of C3 and C4 plants in an ecosystem as a function of aridity, which is relevant for geoarchaeological and ecological studies in savannas and steppes, where isotopic changes in plants are also reflected in soils and grazing animals. The introduction of new crops (e.g. millet) can also be demonstrated in archaeological findings using C isotopy. (3) For the study of soil erosion dynamics, the quantification and qualification of the organic matter that is washed out of the soil and dissolved in the water is important. The input of organic matter into lakes through soil erosion from agricultural land can lead to changes in δ15N and δ13C values of lake sediments, which was also measurable for prehistoric periods. Here, too, are still gaps in our understanding of the underlying processes and the possibility of interpreting the isotope data in sediments. The use of these systems is not a standard application in geoarchaeology. The on-site measurement of the C and N isotope is therefore an important prerequisite for developing methods and working on new research questions, and it would be a unique opportunity to position ourselves internationally as a center for ecological-geoarchaeological research. A unique addition would be the module for measuring the isotopes in soil water.

为了在不同的时间和空间尺度上进行有关土地利用和气候变化影响的开创性研究，需要一套测量土壤、沉积物、有机样品和水中碳(C)和氮(N)的IRMS系统。由于其模块化设计，元素分析中的新系统既可以测量碳和氮浓度，也可以测量各自的稳定同位素。(1)土壤和沉积物中的C和N浓度是有机质存在的指示器。这可以提供有关农业造成的土壤退化、被侵蚀的表土物质(如果有机物质已被冲进湖泊沉积物中)或居民区有机残留物的信息，这些信息可以表明人类活动。对C含量的了解也是进一步分析的基础，例如生物标记物分析。(2)在地质考古学和考古植物学中，植物残留物中稳定的N同位素的测量表明使用了有机(绿色或有机肥)肥料，因为局部N同位素比率更多地受到土壤管理的影响，而不是气候的影响。拟议的跨学科项目可以弥补正在出现的重大研究差距。在古生态学中，稳定碳、氮同位素的测量对于深入了解气候和植被历史具有重要意义。应用的例子是对C3和C4植物在生态系统中的比例作为干旱的函数的分析，这与稀树草原和草原的地质考古学和生态学研究有关，在这些地区，植物的同位素变化也反映在土壤和放牧动物中。新作物(如谷子)的引进也可以在使用碳同位素的考古发现中得到证明。(3)对于土壤侵蚀动力学的研究，土壤中被冲出并溶于水中的有机质的定量和定性是非常重要的。农田土壤侵蚀向湖泊输入的有机质可以引起湖泊沉积物δ15N和δ13C值的变化，这在史前时期也是可以测量到的。在这方面，我们对潜在的过程和解释沉积物中的同位素数据的可能性的理解仍然存在空白。这些系统的使用并不是地质考古学的标准应用。因此，碳和氮同位素的现场测量是开发方法和研究新问题的重要前提，这将是将我们自己定位为国际生态地质考古研究中心的独特机会。一个独特的补充将是测量土壤水中同位素的模块。