Axes/adzes and grinding stones as tools of the Neolithisation in Central Europe. An integrative approach to functional analysis through Geometric Morphometrics, Use-Wear Analyses and Experimental Archaeology (WEAR)

斧子/锛子和磨石作为中欧新石器化的工具。

基本信息

项目摘要

Axes/adzes and grinding stones are central technological innovations and core parts of the Neolithization process in Western Asia and Europe. These tools have been linked to the invention and implementation of agriculture and settled life, as tools for land clearance, for the construction of houses, and for the processing of food based on cereals and pulses. As these functions seemed to be unambiguous, functional studies based on use-wear have been carried out more rarely than morphological or contextual analyses. However, current research considers multifunctionality for both tool categories as a constant during the Neolithic. For axes/adzes, uses include woodworking, butchery, working of animal hides, stone and earth while grinding stones are seen as universal crushers to process foodstuffs into different products, but also for minerals. This multifunctionality manifests differently within the area touched by the Neolithization. The proposed project aims to analyze the functional dimensions of adzes/axes and grinding stones by investigating uses, working techniques, intensities of use and complete life cycles in order to determine end products, foodscapes and ranges of use by comparing two regions with different environmental settings and population dynamics during the Neolithic of Central Europe: the Middle Elbe-Saale region on one hand and Southwestern Germany on the other. These regions have some of the largest collections of tools. The aim is to compare regional adaptation strategies through investigating a) the use of tools for the modification of the environment to adapt to the "Neolithic way of life" and b) through the analyses of local foodways in which these tools were used. The innovative methodology proposed here is focused not on single uses but reconstructs complete biographies and life cycles of tools in order to secure statistical significance of the functional determination. The central idea is to understand an object as an assemblage composed of multiple use stages reflected in chains of successive changes of shapes and wear. Through simulations of complete biographies of replicas of representative types in long-term experiments, the parameters and consequently the functional interpretation can be objectified, measured and modeled for a larger number of tools in different use stages. The method is based on the experimental production of complete wear-series for selected types from an unused stage up to a point when the tools are no longer functional, using them with different materials, motions, and for different tasks. The mathematical modeling of these use stages will be done through the periodic measurement of changing shapes and wear with Geometric Morphometrics on 3D-models and microscopical visualization of the mechanical deformation of the surface. The aim is to create an open access reference collection of use stages and of a software tool for functional analysis by automatic pattern recognition for other similar finds.
斧/锛和磨石是西亚和欧洲新石器时代的核心技术创新和核心部分。这些工具与农业和定居生活的发明和实施有关,作为清理土地、建造房屋以及加工以谷物和豆类为基础的食物的工具。由于这些功能似乎是明确的,基于使用-磨损的功能研究比形态学或上下文分析进行得更少。然而,目前的研究认为,在新石器时代,这两种工具类别的多功能性是不变的。对于斧头/锛,用途包括木工、屠宰、兽皮、石头和泥土的加工,而磨石被视为将食物加工成不同产品的通用破碎机,但也用于矿物。这种多功能性在新石器时代所触及的地区表现得不同。拟议的项目旨在通过调查用途、工作技术、使用强度和完整的生命周期来分析adzes/轴线和磨石的功能维度,以便通过比较中欧新石器时代两个具有不同环境背景和人口动态的地区来确定最终产品、食物景观和使用范围:一方面是中易北-萨勒地区,另一方面是德国西南部。这些地区有一些最大的工具集合。目的是通过调查来比较区域适应策略:a)使用工具来改变环境以适应“新石器时代的生活方式”;b)通过分析使用这些工具的当地食物方式。这里提出的创新方法不是专注于单一用途,而是重建工具的完整传记和生命周期,以确保功能确定的统计显著性。中心思想是将一个物体理解为由多个使用阶段组成的组合,反映在形状和磨损的连续变化链中。通过对长期实验中代表性类型复制品的完整传记的模拟,可以对不同使用阶段的大量工具的参数和功能解释进行客观化,测量和建模。该方法是基于对选定类型的完整磨损系列的实验生产,从未使用的阶段到工具不再功能的点,将它们与不同的材料,运动和不同的任务一起使用。这些使用阶段的数学建模将通过3d模型上的几何形态测量学和表面机械变形的微观可视化来周期性地测量形状的变化和磨损。目的是创建一个使用阶段的开放参考集合和一个软件工具,通过自动模式识别对其他类似发现进行功能分析。

项目成果

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Privatdozentin Dr. Laura Dietrich其他文献

Privatdozentin Dr. Laura Dietrich的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Privatdozentin Dr. Laura Dietrich', 18)}}的其他基金

Contributions to the methodological development of functional analyses of archaeological objects
对考古物品功能分析方法发展的贡献
  • 批准号:
    508492694
  • 财政年份:
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Heisenberg Grants

相似海外基金

THE PREHISTORIC SUBSISTENCE ACTIVITY ON THE ISLAND OF MIYAKO, RYUKYU ISLANDS.
琉球群岛宫古岛上的史前生存活动。
  • 批准号:
    12410106
  • 财政年份:
    2000
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
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