Formation of Alkaloid's by Function of Cultured Plant Cells

许多在药物活性化合物生产中具有高潜在价值的植物由于环境干扰和其他原因正在从地面上消失。生物多样性的保护和基因资源的可持续利用是一个十分紧迫的研究课题。在这个项目下，我们主要集中我们的科学注意力在一个基础研究的生物碱产生的热带药用植物开发的内在能力的次生代谢产物的形成。夹竹桃科植物的研究。(1)蛇根萝芙木与直叶沙枣融合细胞产生生物碱--从培养细胞中分离出两种单萜吲哚生物碱（16（R）-18，19-E-Isositosirikine和5（S）-5-Carbomethoxy strictosidine）和三种β-咔啉生物碱（β-咔啉、1-Acetyl-beta-咔啉和1-Carbomethoxy-beta-咔啉）。该结果表明，在融合生物体的细胞中保持了生物碱形成的能力。（二） 关于我们 泰国夹竹桃科植物Hunteriazeylanica的生物碱成分--从标题种Hunteria中分离得到一种新的单萜吲哚生物碱Hunterioside。Hunterioside已被证明在糖部分具有二糖部分，这是迄今已知的糖苷类单萜吲哚类化合物中的一个相当新颖的特征。标题茜草科植物的研究。(1)蛇根草属植物的生物碱--矮蛇根草分布于日本的亚热带气候区。已证明喜树碱及其类似物包含在该物种中。此外，长期寻找的生物合成中间体首次从该物种中发现。实现了新的葡萄糖喜树碱chaboside的全合成。(2)组织培养、悬浮细胞培养及细胞再分化研究--合作项目德国对口单位成功地进行了组织培养和细胞悬浮培养。最近，他们还成功地从培养细胞中分化出了幼苗。(3)矮蛇根草培养细胞次生代谢产物的研究--从矮蛇根草培养细胞中未能获得含氮代谢产物。相反，三个蒽醌被分离和表征。然而，这些蒽醌在原始野生植物中没有检测到。最近，金鸡纳属植物培养细胞的次生代谢也有类似的观察。几个尝试实现生物碱生产从这些培养的细胞正在进行中。少

Many plants with high potential value in production of pharmaceutically active compounds are disappearing from the ground by environmental disturbance and other causes. Preservation of biodiversity and sustainable utilization of gene resources are quite urgent research subjects for us all. Under this project we mainly focused our scientific attention to a fundamental study for alkaloid producing tropical medicinal plants to develop the inherent ability of the secondary metabolite formation.1. Studies on Apocynaceae plants. (1) Alkaloid production by the fused cells between Rauwolfia serpentina and Rhazya stricta -- From the cultured cells we have isolated two monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (16(R)-18,19-E-Isositosirikine and 5(S)-5-Carbomethoxy strictosidine) and three beta-carboline alkaloids (beta-Carboline, 1-Acetyl-beta-carboline, and 1-Carbomethoxy-beta-carboline). This result demonstrated that the ability of alkaloid formation is maintained in the cells of the fused organism. (2) … More Alkaloidal constituents of Thai Apocynaceous plant, Hunteria zeylanica -- From the titled species of Hunteria a new monoterpenoid indole alkaloid, hunterioside, was isolated. Hunterioside has been shown to possess a biose moiety at the sugar part, a quite novel feature in the hitherto known glycosidic monoterpenoid indole alkaloids.2. Studies on Rubiaceous plants. (1) Alkaloids of Ophiorrhiza species -- Ophiorrhiza pumila is distributed in the subtropical climate zone in Japan. It has been demonstrated that camptothecin and its analogues are contained in this species. Besides, long sought biosynthetic intermediates were first found from this species. Total synthesis of chaboside, a novel gluco camptothecin, has been attained. (2) Studies of tissue culture, suspension cell culture and re-differentiation on the cells of Ophiorrhiza pumila -- Tissue culture and cell suspension culture were successfully carried out by the German counterpart of the joint project. Recently they also succeeded in getting young plants from the cultured cells through differentiation. (3) Studies on the secondary metabolites of cultured cells of Ophiorrhiza pumila -- We have not succeeded in obtaining nitrogenous metabolite from the cultured cells of the titled plant. Instead, three anthraquinones were isolated and characterized. These anthraquinones, however, have not been detected in the original wild plant. Recently similar observation has been reported on the secondary metabolism of the cultured cells of Cinchona spp. Several attempts to realize alkaloid production from these cultured cells are under way. Less