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Law and Policy on Bioethics and Biotechnology

生物伦理和生物技术法律和政策

基本信息

批准号：
14GS0109
负责人：
HIGUCHI Norio
金额：
$ 183.04万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Creative Scientific Research
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Our project group aimed at researching on the meaning of expertise in the fields of bioethics, biotechnology and law. By so doing, we hope to produce new experts in these fields in the future.We have done a number of symposiums and workshops among lawyers, physicians, psychologists, ethicists, bureaucrats, and others both internationally and domestically. Our focus has been upon the current trend toward legalization of medical issues and bioethical issues. We have picked up a variety of issues such as terminal care, assisted reproduction, patients' autonomy, health information privacy, and patient safety to discuss between lawyers and other experts in non-law fields. At one time we set up a workshop at Melbourne University Law School, where Australian, American and Japanese experts got together to discuss medical research on human subjects. This series of interdisciplinary discussion made it clear that other non-law experts are dissatisfied with legal approach and thinking about the me … More dical ethics issues. On the other hand, many of them make excessive expectations from law and lawyers who could hopefully give them a clear rule to easily apply. In sum, lawyers are doing too much in one way and too little in the other from their point of view. There is a clear gap between what the law could do and what the law actually does.It means that we need a new academic field to fill the gap. To establish a new discipline, our efforts revealed, we should take into consideration the following three. First, non-lawyers mistakenly think that the core of law is criminal law. Second, for them, law is always a tool for sanctions. The law is to be avoided if possible. It is true that one of the major functions of law is to give sanctions and penalties, but lawyers could think more broadly of law. Law could be a tool for supporting medical ethics and respecting the medical profession in their daily practices. Third, although communication between lawyers and non-lawyers has been difficult, still it is found out to be feasible. The large part of communication gap was due to the lack of it, not to its impossibility. To establish a new medico-legal discipline, the efforts to make a network like ours will be useful and indispensable.In the biotechnology area, the series of discussion revealed likewise the insufficiency of law and legal approach, and also the importance of academic ethics in patent application field. Less

我们的项目组旨在研究生物伦理学、生物技术和法律领域的专业知识的意义。通过这样做，我们希望在未来产生这些领域的新的专家。我们已经在国际和国内的律师、医生、心理学家、伦理学家、官员等人中举办了一些座谈会和研讨会。我们的重点一直放在当前医疗问题和生物伦理问题合法化的趋势上。我们拿起了临终关怀、辅助生殖、患者自主、健康信息隐私、患者安全等多种问题，在律师和其他非法律领域的专家之间进行讨论。有一段时间，我们在墨尔本大学法学院设立了一个研讨会，澳大利亚、美国和日本的专家聚集在一起，讨论关于人类课题的医学研究。这一系列跨学科的讨论清楚地表明，其他非法律专家对法律方法和对Me…的思考感到不满更多滑稽的道德问题。另一方面，他们中的许多人对法律和律师寄予了过高的期望，希望他们能给出一条明确的规则，以便轻松适用。总而言之，在他们看来，律师在一种方式上做得太多，在另一种方式上做得太少。法律所能做的与法律实际所做的之间存在明显的差距，这意味着我们需要一个新的学术领域来填补这一差距。我们的努力表明，要建立一门新的学科，我们应该考虑以下三个方面。首先，非律师错误地认为法律的核心是刑法。其次，对他们来说，法律始终是制裁的工具。如果可能的话，这项法律是要避免的。诚然，法律的主要功能之一是给予制裁和惩罚，但律师可以更广泛地考虑法律。法律可以成为一种工具，在他们的日常实践中支持医学道德和尊重医学专业。第三，虽然律师和非律师之间的沟通一直很困难，但事实证明这是可行的。沟通鸿沟在很大程度上是由于沟通的缺失，而不是沟通的不可能。在生物技术领域，这一系列讨论同样揭示了法律和法律方法的不足，也揭示了专利申请领域学术伦理的重要性。较少