An Empirical Study on Mechanisms of the Self-management in the Places of Work and Living and Rural Communities of Yugoslavia

南斯拉夫工作、生活场所及农村社区自我管理机制的实证研究

• 批准号: 62043012
• 负责人: TERUKA Shuzo
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: Utsunomiya University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Overseas Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1986
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1986 至 1987
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-62043012/
• 关键词: Yugoslavia; Yugoslav Self-managing Socialism; Yugloslav Socialist Economy; Agricultural Problem in Yugoslavia; Self-management System; Organizations of Associated Labour; 社会主義

Researchers on Yugoslav socialism have so far paid their attentions mainly to the idea or principle of the self-management system and its institutional Frameworks in yugoslavia. Very few researches have come close to actual circumstances of the selfmanagement. our research is the First attempt in Japan that has tried to analyze the actual situations of Yugoslavia in respcts of politics, administration, economy and agriculture.In order to promote self-management, the new Constitution and the Associated Labour Act were abopted in 1974 and 1976 respectively. By putting basic organizations of associated labour as bases of the self-managiment, the new course aimed to realize workers, self-management through direct democracy and to transfer powers concerning income distribution and so on to these lowest organization.But confronting with economic crisis in 1980s, Yugoslav people intend to amend the Constitution of 1974 and the Associated Labour Act by the end of 1988. In contrast efforts in 1970s, these amendments would strengthen tne powers of Work Organizations which correspond to enterprises and the Federation. In this Field research weucould make clear the actual situations in Yugoslavia which is shaking in the present economic crisis.Yugoslav agriculture has a dual structure with a great number of traditional peasant Farms and a small number of huge social agricultural units which were newly created after the liberation From the Fascism. Almost no detailed research has been done about the actual situation of peasant Farms which are the Foudation of Yugoslav agriculture. We confirmed a tendency of differentiation of peasants towards two directions, that is, a majority of peasants are becoming 'workers with land' and 'workers-peasants Farms on the one hand, and a Few upper stratum of peasants are Further enriching themselves and becoming bourgeoisie on the other hand.

关于南斯拉夫社会主义的研究，迄今为止主要集中在南斯拉夫自治制度的思想或原则及其制度框架上。很少有研究接近自我管理的实际情况。本文的研究是日本国内首次尝试从政治、行政、经济、农业等方面分析南斯拉夫的实际情况。为了促进自治，1974年和1976年分别通过了新宪法和相关劳动法。新路线以联合劳工基层组织为自治基础，通过直接民主实现工人自治，并将收入分配等权力下放给这些基层组织，但面对80年代的经济危机，1988年底，南联盟人民提出修改1974年宪法和联合劳工法的要求。与20世纪70年代的努力相反，这些修正案将加强与企业和联合会相对应的工作组织的权力。通过这一田野调查，我们可以了解到在当前经济危机中处于动荡之中的南斯拉夫的实际情况，南斯拉夫农业具有二元结构，既有大量的传统农场，又有少数在摆脱法西斯统治后新成立的庞大的社会农业单位。对作为南斯拉夫农业基础的农民农场的实际情况几乎没有进行过详细的研究。我们确认了农民分化的两个方向的倾向，即一方面大多数农民正在成为“有地工人”和“工农农场”，另一方面少数上层农民正在进一步致富，成为资产阶级。